3/26 & 3/27 NOW THAT WE ALL KNOW THE PAPER III (HOTA) IS DIFFICULT IT IS TIME TO WORK!

1. 3/26 & 3/27NOW THAT WE ALL KNOW THE PAPER III (HOTA) IS DIFFICULT IT IS TIME TO WORK! ICEBREAKER ~ TAKE OUT YOUR PAPER III ESSAY Answer the following questions in your notebook: What was purpose of the 3/5 Compromise? Describe the significance of bleeding Kansas. What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 establish? What was the Compromise of 1850?

2. 1859 – Harper’s Ferry & John Brown • John Brown and a group of abolitionists organized a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, a federal arsenal. • Brown hoped that slaves would come to the arsenal and he would then lead a massive slave uprising. • Brown was unsuccessful and captured. He was found guilty of murder and treason and sentenced to death. • Many northerners saw Brown as a hero. Southerners felt that the North wanted to destroy slavery and the South along with it. • Effect: Convinced many southerners that war was inevitable.

4. 1860 – Lincoln elected President • The Southerners’ reaction to the election of President Lincoln was strong. They felt that the country had put an abolitionist in the White House. The South felt that secession was the only option. • The South felt they had the right to secede. The Declaration of Independence stated that “it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish” a government that denies the rights of its citizens. Lincoln, they believed, would deny them the right to own slaves. • Effect: In 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. By February of 1861, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi had seceded.

6. 1861 – Fort Sumter • After Lincoln took the oath of office in 1861, he announced that no state can lawfully leave the Union. He declared, however, there would be no war unless the South started it. • The South started to take possession of all Federal buildings —forts and post offices. The South took control of the three forts in Florida and was ready to take control of Fort Sumter in South Carolina. In April, 1861, the Confederates asked for the fort’s surrender. Major Robert Anderson of the Union refused to surrender. The Confederate troops proceeded to shell Fort Sumter. Anderson ran out of ammunition and was forced to surrender. • Effect: America’s brutal, but inevitable, Civil War had begun.

7. Fort Sumter – Charleston, SC

8. CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES NORTH • ADVANTAGES • Larger population • More industry • More resources • Better banking system • More railroad mileage • Better leader (Abraham Lincoln) • More ships • Better balance between farming • and industry • Functioning Government DISADVANTAGES Faced hostile people Southern territory unfamiliar

9. CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES SOUTH ADVANTAGES Strong popular support Familiar territory Superior military training facilities DISADVANTAGES Smaller population Few factories Less food production Fewer railroad miles Fewer ships Jefferson Davis Belief in states’ rights

10. CIVIL WARPROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH • NORTH • “Peace Democrats” (also called • “Copperheads”) favored a truce • with the Confederacy • Enlistments declined • Bounties offered – failed • Draft law drew names of men • 20-45 • Could buy out of it for $300 • Draft riots took place in New • York City in July, 1863 • SOUTH • Enlistments declined • Draft law drew names of men • 18-35 to serve for 3 years • could hire a substitute • Bombing raids caused people to have • to leave their homes • Blockade caused imported goods to • disappear • Crops were destroyed, railroads were • torn apart • Clothing wore out and could not be • replaced

11. CIVIL WARSTRATEGIE NORTH • The Anaconda Plan • Blockade the South • Split the Confederacy by gaining • control of the Mississippi River • Capture Richmond, the Confederate • capital

12. CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES SOUTH • WIN RECOGNITION AS AN • INDEPENDENT NATION • Capture Washington, D.C. • Seize central Pennsylvania • Defend homeland until • North tired of fighting • Get Britain to pressure • North to end blockade to • restore cotton supplies

13. The Battle of AntietamSeptember 17, 1862

14. The Two Commanders Robert E. Lee (CSA) George B. McClellan (USA)

15. General Robert E. Lee’s reasons for invading Maryland • To gather supplies and troops from the slave-holding border state of Maryland. • To give the farmers in Virginia time to bring in their crops for the winter. • To get military or political support from France and Great Britain. • To damage Northern morale before the November elections. • To bring the war north and threaten Washington, DC and other Northern cities. • Defeat the Union army once and for all.

16. The Battle of Antietam ended Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia’s first invasion into the North Results of the Battle The Confederate Army Retreats Back to Virginia

17. The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day battle in American History. 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in a twelve-hour period. Results of the Battle Dead soldiers in front of Dunker Church.

18. This battle also resulted in President Lincoln issuing the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation Results of the Battle

19. CIVIL WAREMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION January 1, 1863 • Political move on the part of • Abraham Lincoln when he was • concerned the North was tiring • of war • - Freed only the slaves in the • “rebellious” states • Gave the North a new reason to • continue the war • Britain decided to withhold • recognition of the Confederacy

20. The Battle of Gettysburg The Turning Point of the War

21. The Plan • Lee (C.S.A.) attempts another invasion of the North • Lee hopes to capture another northern city which could convince the North to seek peace • Lee desperately needs supplies; stops at the town of Gettysburg, PA

22. The Union- North • General George Meade newly appointed • 90,000 troops

23. The Confederacy- The South • General Robert E. Lee • 75,000 troops • General Pickett • General Longstreet

24. Lee’s plan • 1. Weaken the flanks (sides)- Day 1 and 2 • 2. Attack the center of the Union line on Day 3!

25. The Troops Pickett’s Charge The C.S.A.- wants to occupy the high ground July 3rd Union: Occupies the High Ground “Cemetery Ridge” July 2

26. Pickett’s Charge • On the 3rd day of battle, Lee orders an all-out attack on the center of the Union line. • George Pickett leads 15,000 Confederate soldiers in a charge across the low ground separating the two forces • “High Tide of the Confederacy” • Northern-most point reached by Confederate army • Closest and last chance for Confederacy to win the War

27. “General Lee, I have no division now.” …….words spoken by General Pickett after the Battle of Gettysburg • As the division marched towards the ridge, half were killed by cannon fire, cannister or bullets from the dug-in Union troops • Of the men that reached the ridge, most were killed or captured • Union victory

28. The Aftermath • Casualties • Union = 23,000 • Confederacy = 28,000

29. Gettysburg Address • Given by Lincoln • Lincoln's Gettysburg Address became a rallying cry that easily ushered Lincoln into his second term in office and reinforced Union resolve to win the war.

30. Exit Card • List 2 Advantages of the North • List 2 Disadvantages of the North • List 2 Advantages of the South • List 2 Disadvantages of the South • Explain the significance of the Battle of Antietam & Gettysburg