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Group Members Luis Alacan Paola del Valle Jandro Roque Chen Wang

Group Members Luis Alacan Paola del Valle Jandro Roque Chen Wang. SIX SIGMA. WHAT IS SIX SIGMA?. A statistical concept that represents amount of variation present in a process Corresponds to being 99.9997% defect free Produce at defect levels below 3.4 DPMO

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Group Members Luis Alacan Paola del Valle Jandro Roque Chen Wang

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  1. Group Members Luis Alacan Paola del Valle Jandro Roque Chen Wang SIX SIGMA

  2. WHAT IS SIX SIGMA? • A statistical concept that represents amount of variation present in a process • Corresponds to being 99.9997% defect free • Produce at defect levels below 3.4 DPMO • Refers to a business philosophy of focusing on continuous improvement • Methodology that an organization uses to ensure that it is improving its key processes

  3. WHAT IS IT USED FOR? • Having a measurable way to track performance improvements • Focusing attention on process management at all organizational levels • Improving customer relationships by addressing defects • Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of processes by aligning them with your customer needs

  4. SIX SIGMA PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT • Bill Smith introduced the concept of Six Sigma to Motorola in the mid-1980s • Mikel Harry began to study the variations in the various processes within Motorola • Motorola began focusing on creating strategies to reduce defects in its products • Achieved the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award in 1988

  5. SIX SIGMA TODAY • Six Sigma has evolved • Lean Six Sigma • Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) • DMAIC methodology • CTQs • Certifications • Yellow, Green, Black Belts • Overall has achieved greater awareness

  6. SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGY

  7. NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

  8. REGIONS About 68% of the area under the curve falls within 1 standard deviation of the mean About 95% of the area under the curve falls within 2 standard deviations of the mean About 99.7% of the area under the curve falls within 3 standard deviations of the mean

  9. PROCESS SHIFT

  10. INDICES • Cp = USL – LSL 6σ Cp > 2 indicates process is in good statistical control • Cpk = Min [ USL – μUSL – μ] 3σ , 3σ Cpk < 1.33 indicates process is not capable of producing repeatable products

  11. METRICS • Defect Ratein parts per million (ppm) • Sigma Levels(1σ, 2σ, 3σ, 4σ, 5σ, 6σ) • Process Capability Index • Cpk= 0.5 means you've crunched nearest the door edge • Cpk=1 means you're just touching the nearest edge • Cpk=2 means your width can grow 2 times before touching • Cpk=3 means your width can grow 3 times before touching • Defects per unit(average number of defects observed when sampling a population) • Yield(percentage of a process that is free of defects)

  12. LEVELS

  13. SIX SIGMA – PRACTICAL MEANING

  14. SIX SIGMA ROADMAP 1. Identifying core processes and key customers 2. Defining customer requirements 3. Measuring customer performance 4. Prioritizing, analyzing, and implementing improvements 5. Expanding and integrating the Six Sigma system

  15. SIX SIGMA PLAYERS

  16. FOSTERING SIX SIGMA CULTURE • Six Sigma Overview – 4-8 hours in length • Business process management – 3 days • Green Belt for Champions – 3 or 8 days • Black/Green Belt Training – 12 days • Change Management – 3 days • Facilitative Management – 2 days • Individual Tools Clinic – Depend on tool or technique

  17. WHAT IS NEEDED FOR A SUCCESSFUL SIX SIGMA PROGRAM? • Have management lead your improvement efforts. • Actively support a focus on delighting your customers. • Provide the sigma improvement team with access to experts who can offer ongoing guidance and coaching. • Encourage open discussion about defects. People should not be afraid to point out that something is wrong. The airline industry for instance, studies crashes and “near-misses” to improve safety. • Value and use the data you gather. • Help employees work effectively by providing a team-based, cooperative environment.

  18. PITFALLS TO AVOID • Failure to achieve quick success • Clear your agendas of competing distractions • Unrealistic timeframes • Ignore previous quality efforts • Poor Six Sigma cultural planning and follow through • Cultural development cannot be delegated or seen as an one-time event • No culture goals and objectives • Not allowing for unexpected interruptions • False positive readings that you have achieved Six Sigma cultural transformation • Underestimate resource allocation

  19. MOTOROLA: REASONS WHY SIX SIGMA MAY FAIL • Lack of senior Sponsorship • Lack ofAlignmentto a clear strategy • Lack of tracking and Accountability • Failure to link to the Bottom-Line • Insufficient or ineffective allocation of Human Resources • Over-emphasizing on Rigid Approach

  20. BALDRIGE AWARD AND SIX SIGMA • Baldrige criteria is used as a management tool • Most organizations that use the Baldrige criteria never apply for an award • Baldrige Criteria as a method of establishing a “culture of excellence,” assessing performance, and prioritizing initiatives • Six Sigma can be used to drive deep into root causes to solve the organization’s highest-impact problems

  21. BALDRIGE AND SIX SIGMA ALIGNMENT • Sigma encourages a focus on meeting customer requirements (Baldrige Category 3) • Leadership-driven initiative (Baldrige Category 1) • Alignment of improvement projects to the organization’s strategy (Baldrige Item 2.2) • Effective development and training of human resources (Baldrige Item 5.2) • Data-driven decision-making (Baldrige Category 4)

  22. BALDRIGE /LEAN THINKING /SIX SIGMA ALIGNMENT

  23. STARWOOD HOTELS

  24. STARWOOD HOTELS • Starwood has found Six Sigma's strengths can promote innovation, not stifle it. • Starwood has been successful, in part, because it began with a culture of creativity before introducing the management tool • Programs developed using six sigma techniques delivered more than $100 million in profit to its bottom line • Since the program launched in 2001, more than 150 employees have been trained as "black belts" and more than 2,700 as "green belts"

  25. STARWOOD HOTELS • The process begins when hotel teams pitch a new idea • A Six Sigma council then evaluates an idea's merit based on the division's priorities and the project's expected payoff. • If the council approves a project, black belts and green belts are deployed like swat teams to the hotels to execute the project. • After rolling out a prototype, green belts shift into analytical mode. At that point they spend a lot of time with the E-Tool, a proprietary Web-based system that allows Starwood to monitor a slew of performance metrics to gauge the success or failure of a new project. .

  26. QUESTIONS?

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