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THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER. Learning Objectives. Properties of the three states of matter The Kinetic Particle Theory Explain the change in states using the Kinetic Theory and the energy involved. Properties of the Three States of Matter . All matter has mass and occupies space.

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THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

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  1. THE PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

  2. Learning Objectives Properties of the three states of matter The Kinetic Particle Theory Explain the change in states using the Kinetic Theory and the energy involved

  3. Properties of the Three States of Matter All matter has mass and occupies space

  4. The Kinetic Theory Why did the three states of matter appear this way? The Kinetic Theory suggests that all matter is made up of extremely small particles that are in constant motion. These particles can be atoms, molecules or ions.

  5. Changes in States • Melting and Freezing • Boiling and Condensation • Evaporation • Sublimation

  6. Changes in States Changes in state are due to the particlesabsorbing or losing energy. As a substance get heated, it absorbs energy and when it cools it loses energy. Gas Condensation Boiling Energy of the particles Liquid Melting Freezing Solid

  7. Melting Melting takes place when the particles in a solid absorb enough energyto overcomethe forces holding them in fixed positions and rearrange themselves to form a liquid. Gains energy

  8. Melting Temperature (oC) D Melting point of substance B C A Time from start (min) AB : Substance is in solid state. Particles absorbed heat energy and their vibration increases. BC : Melting occurs. Substance becomes a mixture of solid and liquid. Heat energy absorbed by particles is used to overcome forces of attraction between the particles. CD : Substance is in liquid state. Heat energy absorbed by particles and their kinetic energy increases. Temperature increases.

  9. Freezing Freezing takes place when the liquid particles loses energyto rearrange themselves to form backthe solid structure. Loses energy

  10. Freezing Freezing point and melting point the same temperature for the same substance? Temperature (oC) A Freezing point of substance B C D Time from start (min) AB : Substance is in liquid state. Particles loses kinetic energy due to cooling. BC : Freezing occurs. Substance becomes a mixture of liquid and solid. Liquid particles rearrange themselves to form a solid structure upon further cooling. CD: Substance is in solid state. Particles loses energy upon cooling and their vibration decreases. Temperature drops.

  11. Boiling Boiling takes place when the liquid particles gains enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together and move apart to form a gas. Gains energy

  12. Boiling Temperature (oC) Boiling point of substance D B C A Time from start (min) AB : Substance is in liquid state. Particles gain kinetic energy due to heating. BC : Boiling occurs. Substance becomes a mixture of liquid and gas. Liquid particles gain energy to overcome the forces holding them together and move apart to form a gas. CD: Substance is in gaseous state. Particles gain energy upon further heating and move further apart. Temperature increases.

  13. Condensation Condensation takes place when the gas particles loses energy and move close together to reformthe liquid structure. Loses energy

  14. Condensation Boiling point and condensation point the same temperature for the same substance? Temperature (oC) A Condensation point of substance B C D Time from start (min) AB : Substance is in gaseous state. Particles loses kinetic energy due to cooling and move closer together. BC : Condensation occurs. Substance becomes a mixture of gas and liquid. Gas particles loses energy and move close together to reform the liquid structure. CD: Substance is in liquid state. Particles loses kinetic energy upon cooling. Temperature drops.

  15. Heating and Cooling Curves Temperature (oC) gas Boiling Heating Curve liquid Melting solid Time from start (min) Temperature (oC) gas Cooling Curve Condensation liquid solid Freezing Time from start (min)

  16. Evaporation Evaporation is a physical process that changes a liquid into a gas.

  17. Sublimation Sublimation takes place when a solid changes into a gas directly, without going through the liquid state. • Examples: • Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) • iodine crystals • moth balls

  18. Summary Solid particles vibrate about a fixed position Liquid particles move about within the liquid Gas particles move energetically and apart from each other

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