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Diane H. Sonnenwald Göteborg University & University College of Borås

Re-thinking Usability: Some Thoughts. Diane H. Sonnenwald Göteborg University & University College of Borås. The nanoManipulator. Enables scientists to interact directly with physical samples, ranging in size from DNA to cells. Adenovirus. DNA.

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Diane H. Sonnenwald Göteborg University & University College of Borås

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  1. Re-thinking Usability: Some Thoughts Diane H. Sonnenwald Göteborg University & University College of Borås

  2. The nanoManipulator Enables scientists to interact directly with physical samples, ranging in size from DNA to cells Adenovirus DNA (Taylor & Superfine, 1999; Guthold, et al., 1999)

  3. nanoManipulator Collaboratory Project History • Field study: Scientists collaborating, working alone • Participatory design meetings with • scientists & computer scientists • User interface design study • Usability testing • Experimental evaluation study • - Repeated measures (within subject) design • - Working face-to-face vs. working remotely • - Each session: 2.5 hours on average • Longitudinal field study

  4. nanoManipulator Collaboratory • Some successes • - Internet based scheduling tool • - Wireless phone & headset • - User interface • - Inspiration for new science (biomedical research) • - Inspiration for other technology • - High school science classes • Some failures • - Scientists want the system, find it easy to use & • don’t use it all that much • - Excluded from commercial version • - Great front-end to the wrong scientific instrument

  5. A Few Thoughts…. Are our current approaches to design in e-science good enough? Can we do better? • Consequences of failures in system design • - Impact on individual lives, e.g., caller id • - Question of return on investments in research • Ownership of failures • - First step to discovering alternatives…

  6. Trying a Different Approach… • Evaluation of a technology’s potential • - After ‘proof-of-concept’ prototype • - Concurrent with computer science research • - Focused on a specific context of use • Two components • - Experimental lab study using simulation • - Stakeholder technology acceptance study • Technology • - 3D telepresence technology • - for use in emergency medical consultation

  7. Extending medical expertise throughout, between & beyond hospitals in trauma situations Trauma - “Hidden epidemic of modern society” - Responsible for more productive years lost than heart disease, cancer & stroke combined

  8. Project Team • UNC School of Medicine • - Bruce Cairns, Jim Manning, Gene Fried • UNC Computer Science • - Henry Fuchs, Greg Welch, Herman Towles, • Ketan Meyer-Patel, Jim Mahaney & students • Swedish School of Library & Info Science • - Hanna Maurin, Diane Sonnenwald

  9. Evaluation Approach Part I: Experimental lab study • Post-test design • -Task performance • - Paramedics’ perceptions • 3 conditions: • - Paramedic working alone • - Paramedic in consultation with a M.D: via 2D video • - Paramedic in consultation with M.D. via 3D proxy • Simulation of emergency medical situation & technology

  10. Emergency Medical Simulation • METI human patient simulator (HPS) • Management of the difficult airway • - Diagnosis & perform a cricothyrotomy • Most common cause of preventable death in • prehospital care of injured patients • Description in `When doctors make mistakes,´ • Complications, Gawande, 2002 • Car accident scenario

  11. Evaluation Data Collection • Video (3 views) & audio recordings • HPS mannequin output • Post-questionnaire: Self-efficacy, trust, usefulness of • info, quality of interaction, innovation adoption • Post-interview

  12. Paramedics’ Perspectives • Realism of scenario • It felt real. [I was] absolutely absorbed. Absolutely. • It was like life. • The manniquin was awesome. • Appropriateness of medical task • Cric skills scare the crap out of you. • It’s something I hope I don’t have to do. • It’s difficult making that next step, the decision that • you’re gonna have to do a cric. • Role of consulting M.D. • Doing it with him...was cool...it made a big difference. • It gives you ...more confidence.

  13. Evaluation Approach Part II • Stakeholder technology acceptance study • - What might facilitate or impede the adoption & • use of 3D telepresence? • - Interviews/focus groups with relevant stakeholders • e.g., Hospital administrators, nurses, paramedics, • patients, health insurance companies

  14. Next Steps • Experiment data analysis • Technology acceptance study • Reflection on usefulness of approach This work is funded by the National Library of Medicine, contract N01-LM-3-3514: Extending Medical Expertise Through, Between and Beyond Hospitals

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