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Gebruik Big Data in opsporing

Gebruik Big Data in opsporing. Arno R. Lodder Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Department Transnational Legal Studies Center for Law & Internet a.r.lodder@vu.nl. What do I do? Legal analysis of new internet phenomena. Approach starting point existing norms (cf. judges),

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Gebruik Big Data in opsporing

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  1. Gebruik Big Data in opsporing Arno R. Lodder Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam DepartmentTransnational Legal Studies Center for Law & Interneta.r.lodder@vu.nl

  2. What do I do?Legal analysis of new internet phenomena Approach starting point existing norms (cf. judges), starting point the internet phenomenon (cf. legislator) Academics should do both • Except for critically assessing existing norms, however, it is also important to look at phenomena primarily from an internet perspective. It can help in getting clear what exactly should and could be regulated, or if and how the law applies. Lodder, Arno R., Ten Commandments of Internet Law Revisited: Basic Principles for Internet Lawyers, Information & Communications Technology Law, Vol. 22, Issue 3 http://ssrn.com/abstract=2343486

  3. Big data /opsporing Since 2009 internet law expert (LDM, national experts data base) for police investigation Legal advisor for Webvoyager and related projects (Kaliber/Ironman) In opdracht WODC: Een verkenning naar juridische aspecten van Big Data gebruik binnen de opsporing, vervolging en rechtspraak NeelieKroes in november 2013: “De meeste data in Big Data is geen persoonlijke informatie en daarom zouden we wat minder huiverig moeten zijn in het gebruik van die data.”

  4. Rechtsgeleerdheid

  5. First, while big data pervasively collects all manner of private information, the operations of big data itself are almost entirely shrouded in legal and commercial secrecy. We call Transparency Paradox. Identity Paradox. Power Paradox. (Richards & King 2013) Rechtsgeleerdheid

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  7. Small data Rechtsgeleerdheid

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  9. Child porn cyberwar Fire Arms Fire Arms Rechtsgeleerdheid

  10. Lies, damn lies, Big data That! • Child porn, fire arms, cyber war • Criminal connection! Arno L.– Wouter S. Why? • Joint work/meetings on cybersafety, cyberlaw… • Garbage in, garbage out – maarook Purity in, garbage out (en, vooruit, garbage in, purity out) Rechtsgeleerdheid

  11. Big data Total make over, of hoe de dommemassa slim werd… Waar is het feestje? • kern was van ongeveer 250 gebruikers die de hype hebben opgestart en in stand hielden, en dat deze kern hoofdzakelijk uit Haren of de directe omgeving kwam. Met het real-time analyseren van dergelijke data het Haren-incidentvoorkomen? Zorgen over president = terrorist Rechtsgeleerdheid

  12. Preventie Big data analysis aanwijzingen kan geven voor “potentiele hotspots voor criminaliteit ‘predictive policing’ blank spots (exclusion) Rechtsgeleerdheid

  13. Whats(H)app(ening) brother? Bomb! ICT: van support naar report aangeprezenen gekochtvoormonitoren van verdachten, langzamerhandis iedereennagebruik van eenwoorduit de verdachtewoordenlijstverdachttenzijtegendeelachteraf is bewezen nietde lijnen van de verdachtentevolgen, maar de lijnen van verdachtmateriaaltevolgen. …follow the data de technologiewerktalleenmaarzodat je eerst ALLES monitort, en danfiltert, en daarna het uitgefilterdemateriaalweerordent en analyseert.  dusalleswordtgemonitord. Andrejevic (2014): Verenigd Koninkrijk, in 2012 door politie aangekondigd, van een systeem van targeted surveillance naar generalizedsurveillance Rechtsgeleerdheid

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  15. IS NOT mapping of past crimes. profiling of individuals. a replacement for veterans’ intuition and experience. new hardware or additional hiring. IS a tool to increase your odds of stopping crime. a technology for any jurisdiction of any size. a way to bring newer police up to speed more quickly. information available immediately where and when it is needed. Rechtsgeleerdheid

  16. Strategies of the police webcrawlers 1: almostdirectionless, random website as starting point 2: start with a list of websites, and thenfollow links 3: only index and store webpages that meet specified criteria Rechtsgeleerdheid

  17. Directionless? Even questionable for intelligence agencies A spider wanders aimlessly within the warmth of a shadow, Not the regal creature of border caves, But the poor, misguided, directionless… Plastic boodschappentas Rechtsgeleerdheid

  18. Legal analysis in webvoyager/kaliber Surveillance on the internet cannotbecomparedwith the physicalworld. So surveillance normscannotapply to webcrawling Prepartory acts related to investigation Rechtsgeleerdheid

  19. Big data vs. Privacy Why is privacy relevant? Even in anonymous data people can be recognized The links following from big data analysis can be infringing Decisions based on links can have huge consequences Even the naïve “nothing to hide” fails, links may uncover new findings Rechtsgeleerdheid

  20. Bewijs in (straf)zaken? Uitkomsten big data analysis: rechtmatig verkregen bewijs? China kent regel dat zonder toestemming van betrokken informatie niet in proces gebracht mag worden. Rechtsgeleerdheid

  21. privacy "any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person ("data subject") Research related to privacy: • EU FP7 HEMOLIA-project Anti-Money Laundering (big data (telco/financial) analysis) • Ph.D research on • Privacy limitations in international treaties • Privacy and the Internet of Things • Security/Government/Personal Data • Freedom of speech vs. privacy/dignity Rechtsgeleerdheid

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  23. Brandeis 1928 But 'time works changes, brings into existence new conditions and purposes.' Subtler and more far-reaching means of invading privacy have become available to the government. Discovery and invention have made it possible for the government, by means far more effective than stretching upon the rack, to obtain disclosure in court of what is whispered in the closet.

  24. From suspect to "Person of interest" someone involved in a criminal investigation who has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime. the term has an ugly history; in the 1960s American law enforcement officials began creating secret dossiers on Vietnam War protesters, civil rights leaders and other persons of nterest. Rechtsgeleerdheid

  25. Slotopmerkingen Causatie/correlatie Stel (de juiste) vragen [Doelbinding, dataminimalisatie?], zowelvooralsnaanalyse (Geniet, maargebruik met mate…) Techniekbepaaltmogelijkheden, Recht de toelaatbaarheid Welkeconclusieswordengetrokken? Stigmatiserend? Persoonlijk? Rechtsgeleerdheid

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