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The Uniqueness of Places and Organization of Regions

The Uniqueness of Places and Organization of Regions . Why is each place on the earth unique? How do geographers use regions to spatially organize places on a map?. Adapted from Rubenstein Chapter 1 lecture. Name the Place. “The Windy City”. How are these related to one another?.

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The Uniqueness of Places and Organization of Regions

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  1. The Uniqueness of PlacesandOrganization of Regions Why is each place on the earth unique? How do geographers use regions to spatially organize places on a map? Adapted from Rubenstein Chapter 1 lecture

  2. Name the Place

  3. “The Windy City”

  4. How are these related to one another?

  5. Place: Unique Location of a Feature • Toponyms- Where do they come from? • Site • Physical character? • Modified by humans? • Situation • Location relative to other places? • Importance of location? • Mathematical Location • Parallels and Meridians • Latitude and Longitude

  6. Site:Lower Manhattan Island Fig. 1-6: Site of lower Manhattan Island, New York City. There have been many changes to the area over the last 200 years.

  7. Situation: Singapore Fig. 1-7: Singapore is situated at a key location for international trade.

  8. With a partner… choose a particular place and describe its • SITE • SITUATION

  9. World Geographic Grid Fig. 1-8: The world geographic grid consists of meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude. The prime meridian ( 0º) passes through Greenwich, England.

  10. World Time Zones Eastern Standard (@ 75 degrees longitude, 5 hours earlier than GMT) Central Standard (6 hours earlier) Mountain Standard (7 hours earlier than GMT) Pacific Standard (8 hours earlier than GMT) Fig. 1-9: The world’s 24 standard time zones each represent about 15° of longitude. They are often depicted using the Mercator projection.

  11. Moving eastward—“catching up with the sun” Because every place to the east goes under the sun earlier, the clock goes ahead every 15 degrees longitude as you go east. If you move west 15 degrees, the clock goes backward

  12. Also called a uniform or homogenous region. Everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. (Economic characteristic, cultural value, environmental property) Regions: Areas of unique characteristics • Regions • Cultural landscape • Types of regions • Formal • Functional • Vernacular • Spatial association • Regional integration of culture • Cultural ecology Also called a nodal region. Organized around a node or focal points… influence of certain defining characteristic diminishes outward. (Newspaper areas, radio broadcasting areas, etc) Also called a perceptual region. A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. AHEAD

  13. Presidential Election 2004Regional Differences Fig. 1-10: Presidential election results by county & state illustrate differences in regional voting patterns. GO BACK

  14. Formal and Functional Regions Fig. 1-11: The state of Iowa is an example of a formal region; the areas of influence of various television stations are examples of functional regions. GO BACK

  15. Vernacular Regions Fig. 1-12: A number of features are often used to define the South as a vernacular region, each of which identifies somewhat different boundaries. GO BACK

  16. World Climate Regions Fig. 1-14: The modified Köppen system divides the world into five main climate regions.

  17. CULTURE • To take care of • Food, clothing, shelter • Wealth, material goods, means of income • To care about • Language, religion, ethnicity • Traditions, values

  18. Cultural Ecology • The geographic study of human-environment relationships Environmental Determinism The idea that the physical environment causes social development. Possibilism The physical environment may limit human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the environment.

  19. A Case Study of Djibouti usachppm.apgea.army.mil/hiomtb/content/.../DJIBOUTI_05.06.ppt

  20. Where in the world is Djibouti?

  21. Physical Environment • Topography • Coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains • Climate • Desert • Torrid • Dry

  22. Physical Environment

  23. Physical Environment

  24. Environmental Health Risk • Greatest short-term health risks • Water contaminated with raw sewage or runoff containing fecal pathogens and water contaminated with industrial waste • Extreme heat

  25. Environmental Issues • Food • Fecal and chemical contamination • Soil • Localized to specific areas surrounding industrial facilities and waste disposal sites • Water • Municipal water treatment and public sanitation services inadequate • Persistent discharge of untreated sewage into surface waters and coastal areas • Discharges from offshore tanker traffic contribute to petrochemical contamination of Djibouti's coastline

  26. Infectious Diseases • Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases • diarrhea (bacterial & protozoal), hep A/E, typhoid/paratyphoid fever • Cholera • Vector-borne Diseases • Malaria • Chickungunya, Leishmaniasis, Crimean-Congo fever, Dengue, Leishmaniasis, Rickettsioses, Rift Valley fever, Sand-fly fever, West Nile fever, Yellow fever

  27. Infectious Diseases Cont. • Sexually Transmitted Diseases • HIV, Hepatitis B • gonorrhea / chlamydia • Water-contact Diseases • leptospirosis, schistosomiasis • Respiratory Diseases • meningococcal meningitis, tuberculosis

  28. Economic Issues • Economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a open or free trade (imports and exports) zone in the Horn of Africa • Scarce rainfall limits crop production • Few natural resources and little industry • Heavily dependent on foreign aid • Unemployment figures of nearly 60 per cent

  29. Economic issues • Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35 per cent between 1999 and 2006 because of recession or slump, civil war, and a high general populace growth rate (including immigrants and refugees)

  30. Social Issues • Literacy rate of the population over 15 years of age as 46 percent (males 60 percent; females 33 percent) • Total enrollment at primary and secondary schools was equivalent 26 percent of the school-age population. • No university in Djibouti--technical skills are often found lacking.

  31. Social Issues • Life-expectancy estimates are 49 years for males and 53 years for females in 2001 • Infant mortality stands at 102 per 1,000, (the U.S. rate is 7 per 1,000). • There is a 600-bed hospital in the capital and a 60-bed maternity and pediatric hospital in Balbala. • Large prostitute population=high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.

  32. “Location Gives Tiny State Prime Access to Big Riches”by Jeffrey Gettlemen • Considering this information and the article you read for homework, let’s consider how Djibouti exhibits • Environmental determinism? • Possibilism?

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