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The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

The Chemistry of Acids and Bases. Acids and Bases: Theories At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:. Explain the 3 different theories for an acid, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis Explain the 3 different theories for a base, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis

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The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

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  1. The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

  2. Acids and Bases: TheoriesAt the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Explain the 3 different theories for an acid, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis Explain the 3 different theories for a base, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis Identify conjugate acids and bases

  3. Oh, that smarts!!

  4. Acid/Base Theories • Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional) Acids – produce H+ ions (or hydronium ions H3O+) Bases – produce OH- ions Simple look for an H at the beginning or an OH at the end of a compound (problem: some bases don’t have hydroxide ions!)

  5. Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H+ (H3O+) in water. Notice the H on the left. Arrhenius base is a substance that produces OH- in water, but notice there is no OH- on the left!!

  6. Acid

  7. Base

  8. Acid/Base Theories • Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional) Try #1 on your handout. • A • S • A • B • S • B

  9. Pinned!!!

  10. Acid/Base Theories Theory #2: Brønsted – Lowry Acids – proton donor Bases – proton acceptor A “proton” is really just a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron!

  11. A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor conjugate acid conjugate base base acid

  12. Acid-Base Theories The Brønsted definition means NH3 is a BASE in water — and water is itself an ACID

  13. Conjugate Pairs

  14. Learning Check! CH3OH + NH2-   CH3O+ + NH3 conjugate base conjugate acid acid base Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction:

  15. Learning Check! HCN + SO4-2   HSO4- + CN- conjugate acid conjugate base acid base Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction:

  16. Acid/Base Theories Theory #2: Brønsted – Lowry Try Page 10 Top Table 1b. OH- 2b. H2O 3a. HCO3- 4b. NO3- 5a. NH4+

  17. Acid/Base Theories Theory #2: Brønsted – Lowry Try Page 10 Bottom Table 1b. H3O+ 2b. HCO3- 3b. H2CO3 4a. SO42- 5b. H3PO4

  18. Learning Check! Page 11:2 HCl + PO43-   HPO42- + Cl- Acid Base Conjugate A Conjugate B Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction:

  19. Kid’s Letters to God:

  20. Acids & Base Theories Lewis acid - a substance that accepts an electron pair Theory #3 – Lewis Lewis base - a substance that donates an electron pair

  21. Lewis Acids & Bases • Electron pair of the new O-H bond originates on the Lewis base. Formation of hydronium ion is an excellent example of the Lewis definition.

  22. Lewis Acid/Base Reaction

  23. Page 12 Top Lewis Acid or Bases Do the Lewis Structures of Both!! • Left. Lewis acid • Right. Lewis base

  24. Acids and Bases: TheoriesLet’s see if you can: Explain the 3 different theories for an acid, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis Explain the 3 different theories for a base, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis Identify conjugate acids and bases

  25. Pass the Clicker!!!

  26. Which of the following definitions of an acid includes conjugate acids? • Arrhenius • Bronsted-Lowry • Lewis • Kenzig • Woods • Toburen • Sabol • Sanson

  27. Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as a proton donor? • Arrhenius • Bronsted-Lowry • Lewis • Kenzig • Woods • Toburen • Sabol • Sanson

  28. Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as accepting an electron pair? • Arrhenius • Bronsted-Lowry • Lewis • Kenzig • Woods • Toburen • Sabol • Sanson

  29. Oh my goodness!!!

  30. Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as producing hydrogen ions? • Arrhenius • Bronsted-Lowry • Lewis • Kenzig • Woods • Toburen • Sabol • Sanson

  31. Identify the conjugate base in the following equation. • NH3 • H2O • NH4+ • OH-

  32. Hittite Innovations:

  33. According to Arrehniustheory,Cu(OH)2 is a(n): • Acid • Base • Salt

  34. According to Arrehnius theory,Na2SO4 is a(n): • Acid • Base • Salt

  35. Using the Bronsted Lowry theory, the conjugate base of H2SO4 would be: • HSO4+ • H3SO4- • HSO4- • H3SO4+

  36. H2O + CO32- OH- + HCO3According to Bronsted Lowry theory, in the above reaction, H2O is a(n) • Acid • Base • Conjugate acid • Conjugate base

  37. According to Lewis theory,PCl3 is a(n) • Acid • Base • Salt • Conjugate Acid • Conjugate Base

  38. HNO is called • Hydronitric acid • Nitric acid • Nitrous acid • Hyponitrous acid • Pernitric acid

  39. The pOH of a 0.0030M solution of H2SO4 is: • 2.52 • 11.48 • 2.22 • 11.78 • 0.99 • 13.01

  40. WorkSheet #4 H2O + NH2-   NH3 + OH- CO3-2 + H3O+   HCO3- + H2O Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction:

  41. Learning Check! HCl + OH-   Cl- + H2O Acid Base Conjugate B Conjugate A Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction:

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