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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. The News. Convergence. A constant since there were only two or three. Now, there are many types of media news that all effect one another and eventually create a new “kind” of news coverage. What would you call today’s style of news coverage?. The Four Major Theories of News.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 The News

  2. Convergence • A constant since there were only two or three. Now, there are many types of media news that all effect one another and eventually create a new “kind” of news coverage. • What would you call today’s style of news coverage?

  3. The Four Major Theoriesof News • Authoritarian • Libertarian • Soviet Communist • Social Responsibility

  4. Authoritarian • The government controls the media completely. • This led to (in U.S.) laws against treason and sedition. • Modern examples include Turkey, Iraq, China, etc (imagine China’s view of the worldwide coverage of SARS)

  5. Libertarian • Emerged from a premise that the government should exist solely to serve the interests of the individual. • Media should serve the people not government and the best way to find the truth is to have many opinions aired. • Came about during Age of Enlightenment (15th to 18th centuries)

  6. More Libertarian • Jefferson, Franklin, James Madison and others helped form the idea • Freedom of the Press comes about; First Amendment • Watchdog of the government • Fourth Estate • Fifth Estate –broadcast • Sixth Estate--internet • Obviously, we still have this form in U.S.

  7. Soviet Communist • Russian Revolution in 1917 • Modeled on Authoritarian Theory • Added the agenda setting/news was to communicate the doctrines of the state and the Communist Party to the masses • Authoritarian did not rely as heavily on use as propaganda; less information in general

  8. Authoritarian—controlled system of news • Soviet Communist—planned system of news

  9. Social Responsibility • Evolution of media became more about profit • More chains developed; so fewer ideas were presented • Out of the criticism comes the Social Responsibility Theory • Offshoot of Libertarian that contends press is socially responsible to keep a democratic nation informed

  10. More Social Responsibility • There was a clear need for some sort of regulation • Press could not be entirely free • FCC formed for broadcasters but print is still involved in self-regulation • Some modern ideas like FOX New Network deal with the idea of more opinions

  11. Functions of Media • 1)to inform • 2)to entertain • 3)to influence (through editorials) • 4)to present advertisements • 5)to transmit the culture

  12. Common Faults/Problems • Blaming the Messenger • Watchdog Function • Bad News Only Myth (selective retention) • Myth of Media Truth • Biases (Liberal Press)

  13. Wire Services • AP Associated Press New York 1848 • UPI United Press International 1907 • Reuters 1850s London • AFP Agence France-Presse Paris 1945 • Public service not for profits services

  14. Radio News • Developed around World War II • Before, radio did limited news • We then heard from Edward R. Murrow • Live reports • First time we heard “actual” war sounds • Then followed development of radio networks ABC, NBC (in coming chapters)

  15. TV News • The political conventions of 1948 broadcast by CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) and NBC (National Broadcasting Company) • Later Vietnam War became first time we saw “actual” war footage in 1960s • The Space Race got many people hooked on TV news as well • Then, it gets out of hand • Watergate, etc. (future chapters)

  16. More TV News • CNN Cable News Network • Ted Turner early 1980s • First 24 hour news channel • Others follow but not for more than 10 years • CNN encouraged camcorder use • Rodney King in 1991

  17. Internet • Still not really developed as a news agency • Currently, all other previous forms have websites to help make news interactive • Some news breaks on the internet but few people use as major source of news • What will the convergence bring?

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