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Ozone Depletion

Ozone Depletion. Reducing the manufacture and release of halogenated organic chemicals. What are halogenated organic chemicals?. CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons. CFCs. Can (in some cases used to) be found in: Aerosol sprays Cleaning fluids Freezers

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Ozone Depletion

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  1. Ozone Depletion Reducing the manufacture and release of halogenated organic chemicals

  2. What are halogenated organic chemicals? • CFCs • Chlorofluorocarbons • HCFCs • Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

  3. CFCs • Can (in some cases used to) be found in: • Aerosol sprays • Cleaning fluids • Freezers • Air conditioners • Refrigerators • Industrial solvents • Dehumidifiers • Foam insulation

  4. HCFCs • Are found in: • Heat pumps • Central air conditioners

  5. A Brief History and Status • 1978 – US banned CFC’s as propellants in aerosol products • 1987 – “Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer” International conference to control these chemicals. Signed by US and 22 other countries • Limited production and use of CFC’s • 50% reduction in CFC production worldwide by 2000

  6. A Brief History and Status • “Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer” • Now signed by over 90 nations • Revised to require the virtual phaseout of CFC production by 1996 • 1990 – US “Clean Air Act Amendment” passed

  7. Alternatives and Replacements • HCFCs (hydrochloroflurocarbon) • Positive aspects – Break down more quickly in the atmosphere posing less danger to the ozone layer • Negative aspects – if overused they could cause damage to the ozone layer in the same way as CFC’s. Redesigned appliances could use more energy than the original models

  8. Alternatives and Replacements • HFCs (Hydrofluorocarbons) • Positive aspects – do not contain chlorine and are therefore safe for the ozone layer • Negative aspects – safety questions such as flammability and toxicity still unclear

  9. Alternatives and Replacements • Hydrocarbons (such as butane and propane) • Positive aspects - they are relatively cheap and readily available • Negative aspects – can be flammable and poisonous and some increase ground-level pollution

  10. Alternatives and Replacements • Ammonia • Positive aspects – A simple alternative for refrigerators • Negative aspects – Must be handled carefully

  11. Alternatives and Replacements • Water (and Steam) • Positive aspects – Effective for some cleaning applications

  12. Other Options and Alternatives • Serious attempt at the control of the production, use, and emission of ozone-depleting chemicals world-wide • Enforce by law and increase the recycling of these chemicals • Enforce and regulate the servicing of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment

  13. Other Options and Alternatives • Regulate and promote safe disposal • Approve and enforce the use of alternative chemicals that do not harm the ozone • Regulate and enforce that CFCs and HCFCs are handeled legally when servicing or disposal of air conditioners • Proper protection against the UV radiation from the sun

  14. Assignment • 3.2.5: Research 1 national and 1 international agency/organization. Be prepared to describe, compare, and evaluate their roles in the reduction of emissions of ozone-depleting substances

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