Unit 3 Conversion 词类转译

1. Unit 3 Conversion词类转译 By PYSH

2. Definition • Conversion, as one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of parts of speech in translation. Since it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation, a certain part of speech in the original often has to be converted into other parts of speech due to the differences in syntactic structures and idiomatic expressions between English and Chinese.

3. Examples • His drawing of monkey is exceptionally good. • 他的猴画特别好。 • 他尤其擅长画猴。 • 他画猴子画得特别好。 • Talking with his son，the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrongdoings． • 和儿子谈话时，老人是年轻人过去做错事的原谅者。 • 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了儿子过去做的错事。

4. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. • 火箭已经发现为宇宙探索的应用。 • 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

5. 4 Types of Conversion • Converting into Verbs • Converting into nouns • Converting into adjectives • Converting into adverbs

6. Converting into Verbs 英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多。 往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。

7. Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. • 住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。 • He admires the President‘s stateddecision to fight for the job. • 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。 • He is going to the market for an ox, which would help him with the work in the fields so that he could earn enough money for a wife. • 他打算赶集买头牛帮他种地挣够钱娶媳妇。

8. Nouns into verbs • Prepositions into verbs • Adjectives into verbs • Adverbs into verbs

9. ① Nouns into verbs 1. Nouns derived from a verb • application; solution; establishment 2. Nouns implying an action • sight; thought; glance 3. Nouns with a suffix---er(or) • swimmer; chain-smoker

10. Examples • A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. • 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。 • I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. • 我恐怕不能教你游泳。我觉得我弟弟比我教得好。

11. For Westerners in China, the establishment of an effective team of managers means attracting -- and retaining both expatriate and local management talent. • 对于在中国的西方人来说，建立一支有效的管理人员队伍意味着要同时吸引并留住来自海外的管理人才和本地的管理人才。

12. Prepositions into verbs • "Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. • “来啦！”她蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

13. The country has refused to heed the legitimate appeal of the United Nations for co-operation. • 该国无视联合国要求合作的正当呼吁。

14. The street runs westward, across a great bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. • 这条大街向西而去，跨过一座大桥，延伸下坡后又上坡，经过了几家店铺和肉市，又越过了几幢平房，最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前突然到了尽头。 • Training as a salesperson would guarantee her some employment once her schooling was through. • 参加推销员培训就会确保她在学业完成以后能找到工作做。

15. Adjectives into verbs • 英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后用作表语时，往往可转译成动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等。

16. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. • 她能够给我发信息，这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。

17. Adverbs into verbs-- as part of predicate • That day he was up before dawn. • 那天天还没亮他就起来了。 • The meeting will be over before we arrive if we don’t hurry. • 如果不快点的话，不等我们到那儿，会议就结束了。

18. Wisely, you made no attempt to have these problems discussed by the General Assembly, believing that they should be dealt with elsewhere. • 你非常明智，没有试图让大会讨论这些问题，而认为应在其它场合解决。

19. Converting into nouns Verbs into nouns Adjectives into nouns Adverbs into nouns

20. Verbs into nouns • Verbs derived from a noun • Formality has always characterized their relationship. • 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。

21. To them, he personified the absolute power. • 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。 • In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite. • 在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄特女神是爱的化身。

22. Adjectives into nounsAdjectives with a definite article Adjectives expressing characteristics • Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich, loved and protected the poor. • 罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。 • Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. • 缺乏信任对人际关系的危害很大。

23. Adverbs into nouns • It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union. • 官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信一事取得了一致的意见。

24. The image must be dimensionally correct. • 图形的尺寸必须正确。 • The paper said editorially that McMillan has stolen the western leadership during Dulles’ absence. • 这家报纸的社论说，麦克米兰公司在杜勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。

25. Converting into adjectives Nouns into adjectives Adverbs into adjectives

26. Nouns into adjectives ◆Nouns derived from an adj. ---likeliness; flexibility ◆Nouns with an indefinite article used as a predicate ---a failure; a success

27. Examples • The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. • 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。 • Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success. • 勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。

28. I know her very well by sight and had long felt an interest in her because of her beauty. • 我认得她，她很漂亮，我早就对她感兴趣了。 • It is no use regretting your past mistakes. • 你悔恨过去的错误是无用的。 • It's such a nuisance that I've got to work on Saturday. • 我星期六还得上班，真讨厌。

29. Adverbs into adjectives • The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and quick computations. • 计算机的主要特点是计算准确而迅速。 • I think differently. • 我想法和你不一样。

30. Converting into adverbs Nouns into adverbs Adjectives into adverbs

31. Nouns into adverbs • When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. • 只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风度将这人争取过来。

32. Adjectives into adverbs • Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence? • 你能确切地把这句话译出来吗？ • This is a sheer lie. • 这纯粹是谎言。

33. Supplement • Conversion of Nouns • Conversion of Adjectives • Conversion of Adverbs

34. Conversion of Nouns • into verbs • into adjectives • into adverbs • into adverbial clauses or sentences

35. Further delay would cause us greater losses. • 如果再耽搁，我们将会蒙受更大的损失 • A man of less courage would not dare to work inside enemy headquarters. • 如果是一个勇气不足的人，也不敢在敌人心脏里工作。

36. Conversion of Adjectives • into verbs • into nouns • into adverbs • into sentences

37. It was a pleasant uneventful ride. • 这次骑马旅行令人愉快，没出意外。 • He became a poor third in the English-speaking contest. • 她在英语演讲比赛中得了第三名，其成绩比第二名差了许多。

38. Conversion of Adverbs • into verbs • into nouns • into adjectives • into sentences

39. She was expensively spoiled from the moment of birth. • 她从出生就一直受到宠爱，是一位用金钱堆起来的“千金”。 • He is admittedly reliable. • 他十分可靠，这是大家公认的。