Chapter 8: Photosynthesis

1. Chapter 8:Photosynthesis

2. All the components of our bodies and the energy to make them work came from foods we eat carbs, fats, and proteins. Plants can obtain their nutrients by spending some time in the sun and consuming water, CO2, and minerals converted to glucose = they can make their own food 8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy

3. Animal Benefits Food O2 Energy Flow sun plantorganisms (not photosynthetic) From Plants a Great Bounty for Animals

4. Cellular respiration Down hill more stored less= Food being broken down to produce ATP Photosynthesis Uphill electrons are removed from water powered by sunlight combines with carbon dioxide= energy-rich sugar The process by which certain groups of organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert this solar energy into chemical energy that is initially stored in a carbohydrate Up and Down the Energy Hill Again

5. Absorption Light taken in by the leaves Light is only captured where the wavelengths of visible light occurs Mainly the blue and red The rest is reflected 8.2 The components of Photosynthesis

6. Leaf and leaf stem Stoma on leaves let the CO2 in and water vapor out Cells layered within Cells contain Chloroplasts Primary site of photosynthesis Has an outer and inner membrane Inside  network of membranes thylakoids Stacked on one another Lie in the stroma liquid material of the chloroplast Thylakoid compartment inner fluid space The stroma and the thylakoid membrane are the two main areas of photosynthesis Embedded in the thylakoid membrane are pigment molecules anything that strongly absorbs visible wavelengths of sunlight Chlorophyll a and other accessory pigments Where in the plant does photosynthesis occur?

7. Working Unit Photosystem An organized complex of molecules within the thylakoid membrane that, in photosynthesis, collects solar energy and transforms it inot chemical energy Composed of Pigment molecules Accessory pigments (antennas) Absorb energy from the light  reaction center Where a “primary electron acceptor” awaits Overall Sunlight absorbed by antennae pigment molecules Absorbed energy is transferred to chlorophyll a in reaction center Electrons are transferred to the primary electron aceptor The Working Units of Light Reactions

8. Example The movement of an electron from a chlorophyll a to a primary electron acceptor Chlorophyll molecules were oxidized by the primary electron acceptor As electrons are passed they are becoming from more to less energetic. Electrons will “seek” their lowest energy state and thus release energy Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis Works Through Redox Reactions

9. Solar energy collected by photosystem 2 antennae molecules The energy then gives a boost to the electron in the reaction center It then move to the electron acceptor The chlorophyll is now oxidized The electrons are replaced by oxidizing water molecules 8.3 Stage 1 : The Steps of the Light Reactions

10. From the primary electron acceptor Fall back down their energy level Are transferred through a series of electron transport molecules Arrives at Photosystem 1 Boost the electron with solar energy The electron is received by a carrier NAP+NADPH NADPH and ATP is then transferred to the next step The Calvin Cycle A Chain of Redox Reactions and another boost from the Sun

11. Light reaction power the Dark reaction Calvin Cycle CO2 is added to a sugar to produce a carbohydrate 8.5 Stage 2: The Calvin Cycle

12. Calvin Cycle the set of steps in photosynthesis in which energetic electrons are brought together with carbon dioxide and a sugar to produce an energetic carbohydrate Energized Sugar Comes From a Cycle of Reactions

14. Essay How Did We Learn? Plants Make Their Own Food, But How?