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1. Cnoncet • Lsatlseosn we rveesidwevas. Taodywl’ellreanaubot X-ayrs. Tiherpouodctirn, uess and percuatoinswehnuisngtehm. • Darw a dgaiarm of the eelmocratngeitcseptcurm on the withdorebas and lbaelwerhe X-yars are. Wtiredwon two denrags of X-arys and percuatoinsto tkae. Tlak to yuortblaeaobut how you tinhktehy may be poudcred.

2. 20 August 2012 X-Rays Keywords Reflection, refraction, diffraction, transmission, sound, light, mechanical, electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, period, wavelength, incident ray, wave speed, echo

3. Outcomes • ALL MUST be able to state 3 properties of X-Rays, 2 uses and 3 precautions we can take around them. • MOST SHOULD be able to describe how X-Rays are formed and their applications. • SOME COULD explain the dangers of X-Rays and compare them to other parts of the EM-spectrum to explain why we use X-Rays in the way we do.

4. Amazing survival • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Lg4Hs5X6JA

5. Electrons from the hot cathode are fired at the tungsten target at high speed. When these high-energy electrons strike the target, some of their energy is changed into X-rays. How are X-rays produced? X-rays are created when high-energy electrons suddenly lose energy. X-rays are produced artificially using a X-ray tube. high voltage anode cathode tungsten target lead shielding X-rays

6. Use of X-Rays in diagnosis X-Rays are very penetrating and can pass through the body. They are absorbed more by dense materials such as bone (so they are useful for checking the skeleton) and particularly metal.

7. Example X-Rays Two views of a finger on the right hand. The dislocation can be clearly seen at the joint.

8. Metal absorbs X-Rays, so shows up much more clearly than bone

9. Skull (with a fracture visible on the original) Note the fillings in the teeth Computer enhancement allows the soft tissue to be seen

10. CAT Scan

11. Multiple X-Ray images can be combined to give 3D imagesThis is called a CAT scan. Computerised Axial Tomography (tomos – Greek for slice) video

12. What do X-rays do to cells?

13. X-Ray precautions Because X-Rays can damage cells we need to minimise exposure by: only using X-Rays when necessary, shielding other parts of the body, focussing the X-Rays, using short exposure times

14. Demonstration • You will now be given some tasks to do in your groups to show your understanding

15. Card Sort • Sort the cards into 4 piles:

16. X-Rays

17. Memory Board • You have 1 minute to examine the diagram of how X-Rays are produced. • Then you must add the labels and describe in your own words how X-Rays are produced.

18. Electrons from the hot cathode are fired at the tungsten target at high speed. When these high-energy electrons strike the target, some of their energy is changed into X-rays. How are X-rays produced? X-rays are created when high-energy electrons suddenly lose energy. X-rays are produced artificially using a X-ray tube. high voltage anode cathode tungsten target lead shielding X-rays

19. How are X-rays produced?

20. Think Pair Share • The last test! • Your teacher will ask some questions. You have 1 minute in silence to write the answer. • 40 seconds to discuss it with your partner • 20 seconds to talk about it with your group and hold up the best answer when your teacher says “show me”

21. Explain why they are used to check broken bones. • How can X-Rays be dangerous? • How else do we use waves in medicine? Compare X-Rays to other medical uses of waves to explain why we use X-Rays in the way we do.

22. Pop Quiz – 1 – 8 in back of book C • State 3 properties of X-Rays • State 3 uses of X-Rays • State 1 danger of X-Rays • State 3 precautions to take around X-Rays • Describe how X-Rays are formed • Describe how X-Rays can help us see broken bones • Explain the dangers of X-Rays • Explain why would doctors not use X-Rays to monitor unborn foetuses. B A

23. Tell me two things...(for each) • that you have done well this session • that you know now that you didn’t know at the start • that you could do better next time • that you would like to know more about 2