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Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders. Overview. How can treatments be evaluated? How do drug treatments work? What are the different types of psychological treatments?. Evaluating Effectiveness. Measurable outcomes Relapse rate Side effects Spontaneous recovery Placebo effects

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Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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  1. Treatment of Psychological Disorders

  2. Overview • How can treatments be evaluated? • How do drug treatments work? • What are the different types of psychological treatments?

  3. Evaluating Effectiveness • Measurable outcomes • Relapse rate • Side effects • Spontaneous recovery • Placebo effects • Eclectic approach to treatment

  4. How do Drug Treatments Work? • Evidence of abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems for particular disorders • Drug treatments affect these neurotransmitter systems

  5. Example: Antipsychotics • Phenothiazines are widely used (e.g., Thorazine) • Reduce psychotic symptoms, e.g., hallucinations, disordered thinking • Blocks action of dopamine • Side effects include tardivedyskinesia • Lack of compliance with medication instructions

  6. Example: Antidepressants • Tricyclics are commonly prescribed (e.g., Elavil) • Improve mood, activity, sleep patterns • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors • Effects slightly better than placebo effects • Take several weeks to work • May be fatal when consumed with alcohol

  7. Example: Anxiolytics • Benzodiazapenesare widely used (e.g., Valium) • Reduce anxiety levels • Stimulate GABA receptors • Tolerance may develop • Side effects include drowsiness, difficulty thinking

  8. Psychological Treatments • Psychodynamic Therapy • Humanistic Therapy • Behavior Therapy • Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

  9. Psychodynamic Therapy • Explore unconscious thoughts and emotions • Develop insight • Focus on relationships with others • Can be time-consuming and expensive • Limited evidence of effectiveness

  10. Humanistic Therapy • Focus on personal growth, future • Client is responsible • Emphasis on acceptance, support • Unconditional positive regard (Rogers) • Limited evidence of effectiveness

  11. Behavior Therapy • Emphasis on learned behavior patterns • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Focus on changing behaviors • Continuous monitoring of behaviors • Most effective therapy for anxiety disorders

  12. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy • Focus on maladaptive thoughts and behaviors • Identify irrational thoughts, cognitive distortions • Change thoughts and behaviors by using principles of learning • Effective in treating depression and anxiety disorders

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