What is the function of blood ?

1. BIOL 2030 Human Anatomy & Physiology II What is the function of blood? ___________ -- ________, proteins, cells ___________ __________ -- immunity Damage -- clotting ________________________ Reservoir

2. What is blood? Comprised of 2 major categories…__________ (Plasma) & ______ _____________ _________ is mostly _____ with some suspended ______ and other _______ _______________ consist of _____, _____ and ____

3. Where does blood come from? ______ obtained via ___ and then ______ into blood stream. ______________ result from the process of making new blood cells… ____________ or ______________ from precursors (stem cells) that reside & multiply in red bone marrow. _____________ = yolk sac, liver, thymus, spleen & red marrow_____________ = red marrow

4. Where does blood come from?

5. What’s important about Erythrocytes? Structure: Biconcave cells w/ __________ can’t conduct cell repair Purpose:Carry gases____(98% w/ hemoglobin)____23% w/ hemoglobin, 70% ______ Life Span:~_____ days Contents:___________, ______, _____ and _____________ 7.5 μm

6. What’s important about Erythrocytes? Hemoglobin: 1/3 of RBC content is ___________. Each hemoglobin has _______ and ___________. 1 ___ binds with 1 _____

7. Take 5!!! What would happen to a fetus if maternal blood had an equal or greater affinity for oxygen than fetal blood? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer

8. How are the numbers of RBCs regulated? Since you lose ~ 2.5 million RBCs/sec. We need to replace them! Kidney responds to ________ by increasing secretion of _____________, which stimulates __________ _________. Increased RBCs results in ______. Can you say... “erythropoiesis”? What type of feed back loop?

9. Take 5!!! Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide. If a non-smoker smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for a few weeks, what would happen to the number of erythrocytes in the person’s blood? Why? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer

10. Where do old RBCs go when they die? RBCs are _______________ by macrophages in liver and spleen. Hemoglobin digested… _____ recycled and ___ recycled, remaining ____ is converted to __________ then ____________

11. What are the Leukocyte “details”? • ____________ WBC (2-4%) • Most abundant in inflamed tissue • _____________ WBC (.5-1%) • _____________ WBC (60-70%) • Last 1-2 days; many lost through digestive tract

12. What are the Leukocyte “details”? • ___________________ WBC (3-8%) • Become macrophages, “devour” deleterious objects • _________________ WBCs (20-25%) • Important immunity cells

13. Take 5!!! Refer to the image and decide which of the 5 types of leukocytes each represents? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer (see Predict #4, pg. 594)

14. What are the Thrombocyte “details”? • Platelets are ____________ _______________________ WBCs • Originate from ______________ • Platelets are an important part of hemostasis • Form “plugs” and “clots” • Also known as ______________

15. How do you keep from bleeding to death? Don’t sustain an injury greater than your hemostatic capacity! The Body’s approach to ____________ includes 3 main steps 1. ___________________Vessels walls have _______ ______________ that are contractile.These cause constriction and closure of small vessels

16. How do you keep from bleeding to death? The Body’s approach to hemostasis includes 3 main steps 2. _______________Platelets clump, blocking small tears in small vesselsA) _____________ (platelets stick to exposed collagen) B) ______________ initiated, platelets release ADP, thromboxane… causes even more platelet release reactions.C) _______________________________, platelets aggregateD) Platelets __________________________ (contribute to clot formation)

17. How do you keep from bleeding to death? The Body’s approach to hemostasis includes 3 main steps 3. _____________________A ______ web forms trapping _______, _______ and ______. Depends on release/activation of coagulation factors (13 different factors see table 19.3) A) Formation of ___________B) Conversion ________ to _________C) Conversion ________ to _________

18. How do you keep from clotting to death? Take care of your liver and basophils… Clot retraction and dissolution______________ pulling clot together Connective and epithelial cells ________________ ______________ by plasmin ________________Several chemicals including: _______________________________________ Work together to inactivate and counteract effects of thrombin Important terms…__________: an attached clot__________:a clot that has become free and is in circulation

19. What’s all the fuss about blood type? Transfusion reactions result from mismatched blood and may result in death! ___________ in the plasma attach to __________ on red blood cells. These clump, occlude vessels, tissue damage then death!

20. What’s all the fuss about blood type? Blood recipients want to know their blood type and the donors type! ___________ depends on the presence of ________ on red blood cells Type ? Type ? Type ? Type ? Antigen

21. What’s all the fuss about blood type? Antigens present determine antibodies present... Type A Type B Type AB Type O Antigen Antibodies ? ? ? ?

22. What’s all the fuss about blood type? And then there is the “-” and “+” to deal with... Type A Type B Type AB Type O Rh Rh Rh Rh Antigen Rh Rh Antibodies ? ? ? ?

23. Various and a sundry medical blood tests! • Type and crossmatch • Complete blood count (CBC) • C-reactive protein (CRP) • White blood cell count (WBC) • White blood cell differential count • Red blood cell count (RBC) • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (H&H) • Prothrombin time (Pro-time) • Blood chemistry