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The Rudiment of Aesthetic Response. 영 미 어 문 학 과 200520188 여 인 형. p34. The implied reader embodies all those predispositions necessary for a literary work to exercise its effect. -predispositions laid down, not by an empirical outside
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The Rudiment of AestheticResponse 영 미 어 문 학 과 200520188 여 인 형
p34 • The implied reader embodies all those predispositions necessary for a literary work to exercise its effect. -predispositions laid down, not by an empirical outside reality, but by the text itself. • The implied reader has his roots firmly planted in the structure of the text. He is a construct and in no way to be identified with any real reader.
p34 • The concept of the implied reader is a textual structure anticipating the presence of a recipient . • The concept of the implied reader designates a network of response-inviting structures, which impel the reader to grasp the text.
p35 • The text must bring about a standpoint from which the reader will be able to view things that would never have come into focus as long as his own habitual dispositions were determining his orientation. • This standpoint must be able to accommodate all kinds of different readers.
p35 • There are four main perspectives in the text: those of the narrator, the characters, the plot, and the fictitious reader. • They provide guidelines originating from different starting points( narrator, characters, etc.), continually shading into each other and devised in such a way that they all converge on a general meeting place. • Meeting place is the meaning of the text which can only be brought into focus if it is visualized from a standpoint.
p35-p36 • Thus, standpoint and convergence of textual perspectives are closely interrelated, although neither of them is actually represented in the text. • The reader’s role is prestructured by three basic components: -the different perspectives represented in the text -the vantage point from which reader joins them together -the meeting place where they converge.
p36-p38 • The concept of the implied reader as an expression of the role offered by the text is in no way an abstraction derived from a real reader, but is rather the conditioning force behind a particular kind of tension produced by the real reader when he accepts the role. • The concept of the implied reader is a transcendental model which makes it possible for the structured effects of literary texts to be described.
p38 • By virtue of the standpoint, the reader is situated in such a position that he can assemble the meaning toward which the perspectives of the text have guided him.
Psychoanalytical theories of literary response p38~ • There are two theories of literary response that argue from a psychoanalytical basis: • Both Holland and Lesser use psychoanalytical terminology as reified concepts and consequently hinder rather than help the attempt to describe reactions to literature. Norman Holland Simon Lesser
Holland p40~ • Holland’s primary interest is the experience effected by literature. • Everyday experiences in life, but aesthetic experiences can only take place because they are communicated and the way in which they are presented or prestructured. • If aesthetic and everyday experiences are bracketed together, the literary text must lose its aesthetic quality and be regarded merely as material to demonstrate the functioning or nonfunctioning of our psycohlogical dispositions.
Holland p40 • But Holland appears to ignore the difference between aesthetic and everyday experience, thereby hoping to be able to study the response elicited by literary texts in terms culled from psychoanalysis. • The result is a loss
Holland p40~p41 • Holland describes the literary text as a hierarchy of sedimented layers of meaning. • He takes as his example Chaucer’s Wife of Bath, in which he discerns four such layers: -the medieval reader -the modern reader -the mythical -the psychoanalytical meaning of the text
Holland p41 • But the problems mount up. • If the literary text keeps its real meaning hidden under a veil of historical or social distortion, We should, according to Holland’s theory, use psychoanalytical methods to uncover the meaning. That is, Comprehension of the literary text could only be completed through psychoanalysis. But Holland says that literature itself transforms the unconscious fantasy into conscious meaning.
