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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Five Basic Sentence Types. Sentence Slots. Subject / Predicate Predicate Intransitive BE Transitive. What’s the Pattern?. Fish swim. A telephone is ringing. Jan snores loudly. The customer complained persistently. Carla must have enrolled rather early.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Five Basic Sentence Types

  2. Sentence Slots • Subject / Predicate • Predicate • Intransitive • BE • Transitive

  3. What’s the Pattern? • Fish swim. • A telephone is ringing. • Jan snores loudly. • The customer complained persistently. • Carla must have enrolled rather early.

  4. Type I: Intransitive Verb • Sentence ends with: • Verb or • Adverbial modifier • Tests • Divide predicate into phrasesIf all phrases are ADVP = Intransitive • Test for ADVP by substitution

  5. Type I: Intransitive Verb NP + I.V. (+ optional ADVP) • Intransitive or not? • The bus stops here on Mondays. • Becky stepped very cautiously into the street

  6. Find the Type I Construction…

  7. Diagramming • (you) Stay downwind (you) Stay__ downwind

  8. Treeing • (you) Stay downwind S VP NP MVP ADV Stay (you) downwind

  9. What’s the Pattern? • Jesse is outside. • Her job interviews were yesterday. • The reception will be at noon. • Cheryl’s notebook must have been on the desk.

  10. Type II: BE + Adv of Time/Place • Sentence includes: • Linking (BE) VerbAND • Adverbial Complement (required) • Complement = something that completes… • Tests • Is the Main Verb “BE”? • Is “BE” followed by ADVP of time or place?

  11. Find the Type II Construction…

  12. Diagramming • Your car keys are under the sofa keys are car Your under sofa the

  13. Treeing S VP NP MVP ADVP are Your car keys under the sofa

  14. Type II: BE + Adv of Time/Place • Are these Type II? • I am here now! • I am happy to be here. • I must have been elsewhere yesterday. • Classes go on all week all over the USA.

  15. What’s the Pattern? • Sheila is beautiful. • Her parties are very lavish. • She is becoming friendly. • Your uncle (her husband) has seemed happier in the past.

  16. Type III: Linking + Adj Subj Comp. • Sentences contain: • Linking VerbAND • Subject Complement // Predicate Adjective • Are these Type III? • His cashmere sweater feels silky • Pat looked surprisingly sad after her victory • He looked as though he had been up all night • Fred seems to be angry

  17. Type III: Linking + Adj Subj Comp. • Sentences contain: • Linking VerbAND • Subject Complement // Predicate Adjective • Tests • Is the MVP followed by ADJP? • Is the MV “BE” or substitutable with “BE”? • e.g. Appear, become, seem grow, feel, look, sound…

  18. Find the Type III Construction…

  19. Diagramming • Something can seem so plausible at the time… something can seem \ plausible at so time the

  20. Treeing • Something can seem so plausible at the time… S VP NP PP/ADVP MVP ADJP can seem so plausible at the time Something

  21. Type III: Linking + Adj Subj Comp. • Are these Type III? • Fred seems to be angry • His cashmere sweater feels silky • Pat looked surprisingly happy after his loss • He looked as though he had been up all night

  22. What’s the Pattern? • Those men are football players • The auction was a success • Jennifer’s bedroom is becoming a jungle • Jack and Jill remained friends after their tumble down the hill

  23. Type IV: Linking + Nom Subj Comp • Sentence contains: • Linking VerbAND • NP that complements the subject (NP1) • Tests • Is the MVP followed by another NP? • Does this NP refer to the same entity as the Subj? • Is the MV “BE” or substitutable with “BE”? • Can “may be classified as” substitute for the MV?

  24. Type IV Constructions?

  25. Diagramming • This is Lyle Complements the Subject This is \ Lyle

  26. Treeing • This is Lyle S VP NP1 MVP NP1 Pron. is Lyle This

  27. Type IV: Linking + Nom Subj Comp • Are these sentences Type IV? • That paint is the right color • The train disappeared into a tunnel • Her carrot cake was a dreadful failure

  28. What’s the Pattern? • Dave threw the ball to George • John saw Bill • Three minnows were nibbling her toes • Pecan pie enlivens any meal • The man had bought a cake for dinner

  29. Type V: Transitive Verb • Sentence is constructed like this: • NP1 + Vtrans + NP2 • Subject = Actor • Object = Receiver • Tests for Direct Object: • Who? • What? • ≠ NP1

  30. Type V Sentence…

  31. Diagramming • I hate happy hour Direct Object I hate | hour happy

  32. Treeing S VP NP1 MVP NP2 hate happy hour I

  33. Find the Type V Construction…

  34. Comma Usage • Never put a single comma between the Subject and Predicate or between the Verb and its complements • Use two commas to set off anything that interrupts the Subject and predicate or the Verb and its complements

  35. NPs & VPs on flat lines Major break between Subject & Predicate Modifiers on slanted lines Subject Complement ADJPs go on main line after “\” Direct Objects go on main line after “|” Diagramming Review NP1 VP ADJP \ Modifier Modifier Modifier NP1 NP2 VP | Modifier Modifier Modifier

  36. Coming Soon Real-life Revisions…

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