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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Protecting your body. Skeletal System. System of bones and cartilage protecting your body and your vital organs while producing and storing blood . Parts of Skeletal System. Axial- center Appendicular- appendages Vertebral column- spine Thoracic Cage- ribs

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Protecting your body

  2. Skeletal System • System of bones and cartilage protecting your body and your vital organs while producing and storing blood

  3. Parts of Skeletal System • Axial- center • Appendicular- appendages • Vertebral column- spine • Thoracic Cage- ribs • Pectoral girdle- shoulders • Pelvic girdle- hips

  4. Joints- where bones connect • Cartilaginous- bones connected by cartilage- cushions, but only allows slight movement • Fibrous- non-moveable- thin layer connects bones • Synovial- allows free movement- often have a meniscus to absorb shock between the joints

  5. Examples • Cartilaginous- lower ribs • Fibrous- skull bones • Synovial- knee, shoulder, hip, fingers

  6. Types of Bone • Bone has three main layers • Periosteum- Outer surface of bone. Connects to ligaments and tendons • Compact bone- makes up outer portion under periosteum. A solid hard layer • Spongy bone- inner part of bone, matrix of material with many gaps

  7. Types of Bone

  8. Parts of a Bone • Epiphysis- top and bottom of bone, where connects to other bones • Diaphysis- the “shaft” of the bone, thinner

  9. Bone Cells • Osteocytes- small cells within the bone- many together make compact bone • Osteoblasts- create bone tissue • Osteoclasts- break down bone tissue

  10. Marrow • Cells active in the spongy section of the bone- • Work in making both red and white blood cells • Yellow marrow/pink marrow

  11. Marrow Transplant • Donors chosen based on the receptors on cell surfaces- chosen to be as close a match as possible • Patient cells killed • Cells from donor given to patient • Patient gets new immune system

  12. Bone Diseases • Rickets • Arthritis • Spina Bifida • Bone Cysts and Spurs • OsteogenesisImperfecta

  13. Rickets • Deficiency of vitamin D (with others) causes brittle formation of bones. Often characterized by bowed legs.

  14. Arthritis • Pain and inflammation of joints • Often caused by excess wear over time

  15. Spina Bifida • Very common birth defect linked to folic acid intake of mother during pregnancy • Baby born without closure of spinal column- spine often outside of body

  16. Bone Cysts and Spurs • Cyst- small fluid-filled capsule in the bone • Spur- Small growth on bone, often at site of joint- can cause severe pain

  17. OsteogenesisImperfecta • Mainly genetic dominant trait • Causes single AA substitution resulting in poor bone formation • Leads to very weak bones that are easily broken

  18. Osteogenesisimperfectaposterchild

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