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Croatia a land of thousand islands

An overview of its history, culture and natural beauty By Zdeslav Hrepic Kansas State University. Croatia a land of thousand islands. OVERVIEW. General facts and Geography What we are proud of… History and Language Art and Architecture World heritage in Croatia (UNESCO’s list) Landscape

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Croatia a land of thousand islands

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  1. An overview of its history, culture and natural beauty By Zdeslav Hrepic Kansas State University Croatiaa land of thousand islands

  2. OVERVIEW • General facts and Geography • What we are proud of… • History and Language • Art and Architecture • World heritage in Croatia (UNESCO’s list) • Landscape • Music and Dances

  3. CROATIA IS On the cross roads between Central Europe and the Mediterranean

  4. GENERAL FACTS • Official name: REPUBLIC OF CROATIA • Official language: CROATIAN • Alphabet: LATIN http://education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/hr/map.html

  5. POPULATION 4,437,460(2001. Census) Ethnic composition: 89,63% Croats4,54% Serbs 0,47% Bosnians 0,44% Italians 0,37 Hungarians 6,55% others Religions: 87,83% Roman Catholic1,28% Islam0,91% Orthodox0,43% Protestant3, 9% Atheists 2.99% Agnostics 2, 2% Atheists

  6. CAPITAL - ZAGREB Old town and Cathedral Church of St. Mark

  7. COAT OF ARMS AND FLAG today ~ 7 ct. ~ 16 ct.

  8. ECONOMY - TOURISM

  9. ECONOMY - SHIPBUILDING Made in Split, Croatia In the second half of the 1980-ties theCroatian shipbuilding industry was at the third place in the world, (after Japan and South Korea).

  10. ECONOMY - AGRICULTURE SOUTH CROATIA

  11. ECONOMY - AGRICULTURE NORTH CROATIA

  12. RELIEF

  13. ARCHIPELAGO 1,185 islands and rocks 66 inhabited One of 10 nations in the world with more than 1000 islands Total Coastline length 5,835 km (Islands 70% - Mainland 30 %)

  14. CROATIAN ARCHIPELAGO According to American journal "Cruising World", together with the Caribbean, among the best sailing areas in the world.

  15. BEACHES

  16. BEACHES

  17. LIGHTHOUSES 66 big stone lighthouses from 19 ct.

  18. FALKUSA Croatian fisherman boat (18 ct.)

  19. WHAT WE ARE PROUD OF…

  20. SPORT - GORAN IVANISEVIC WIMBLEDON CHAMPION 2001 ..and welcome in his hometown - Split Winner

  21. NBA PLAYERS FROM CROATIA Basketball team from Split - several times European champions. Toni Kukoc Radja vs. Rodman Zan Tabak Drazen Petrovic

  22. NATIONAL SOCCER TEAM C R O A T I AThe Third Best Team in the World Davor Suker won the Golden Boot for scoring the most Goals (France 1998) Note: Croatia has less people than Brazil or Germany has registered soccer players and is a bit smaller in size than West Virginia!

  23. DALMATIAN DOG–NATIVE CROATIAN 101 DALMATIAN Dalmatia - the coastal part of Croatia Recognized as Croatian autochthonous breed (FCI-153) Croatian Mascot - 2000 Olympic games Sydney

  24. CROATIA - HOMELAND OF CRAVATS Every day worn by the 600 million men around the world. French - la Cravate German- die Krawatte English – Cravat Italian - Cravatta Spanish - Corbata Portuguese - Gravata Irish - Carabhat Swedish - Kravatt Finnish - Kravatti Flemish - Krawaat Polish - Krawat Ukrainian - Kravatka Hungarian – Kravat Croatian - Kravata

  25. CROATIA HOMELAND OF CRAVATS A tradition introduced by Croatian soldiers whowore a small neckerchief of silk or cloth, tied in a knot around their necks. Accepted in Europe during 1618-1648 when two regiments of Croatian soldiers were serving Luis XIV. After “la Cravate” become popular at French court, fashion spread fast further.

  26. OLDEST UNIVERSITIES ZADAR 1396 and ZAGREB 1669 Bologna 1219 Padova 1220 Paris 1220 Oxford 1249 Lisabon 1290 Rome 1303 Cambridge 1318 Florence 1321 Praha 1348 Krakow 1364 Vienna 1365 Heidelberg 1385 ZADAR 1396 Rostock 1419 Glasgow 1453 Copenhagen 1479 Mainz 1494 Edinburgh 1582 Dublin 1591 Lwow 1661 ZAGREB 1669 Göttingen 1736 Erlangen 1743, Moscow 1775 Berlin 1809 Saint Petersburg 1819 London 1825 Helsinki 1826 Kiev 1834 Athens 1834 Tokyo 1881 Constantinople 1900 …

  27. INVENTORS - PARASHUTE Faust Vrancic (1551-1617) from Sibenik invented and constructed a parashute and also performed a first jumps in order to test it. Wrote famous book on mechanics Machinae novae (61 constructions, Venice, 1595) - soon translated from Latin into Italian, Spanish, French and German A sketch of his well known Homo volans (parachutist) appearing in Machinae novae - often wrongly attributed to Leonardo da Vinci.

  28. INVENTORS - PEN Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (1871-1922) from Zagreb invented a mechanical ball pen which is bearing his name and now it is in everyday use.

  29. NIKOLA TESLA (1856-1943) The Inventor Who Changed the World • Born in Croatia (at that time within Austro-Hungary) The father of alternating current technology, production and transmission of electrical energy as we know it today. • Great contribution in high frequency technology and wireless communications • More than 700 patents (manuscripts still top secret of US ministry of defense) • Refused to receive the Nobel prize which he had to share with T.A. Edison. • The unit for magnetic induction named after him

  30. NIKOLA TESLA When his mother died, in 1892,he paid a visit to Zagreb, Croatian capital, where he gave a lecture about alternating current. On that occasion he said: “As a son of my homeland I feel it is my duty to help the city of Zagreb in every respect with my advice and work”and suggested to build alternating current power plant. “I am equally proud of my Croatian motherland and Serbian descent”. N. Tesla Tesla’s monument, carved by Croatian sculptor Frano Krsinic, near Tesla's hydro power plant on Niagara Falls.

  31. TWO CROATIAN SCIENTISTS ON THE MAP OF THE MOON Rudjer Boskovic (1711-1787), name of the mountain on the visible side. (forerunner of modern physics for two centuries – theory of atomic forces) Andrija Mohorovicic (1857-1936) name of the mountain on the dark side (discovered discontinuity in Earth crust named after him - Moho-layer or Moho-discontinuity.

  32. CROATS – NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS • Lavoslav Ruzicka, of a Croat/Czech origin. Born in Vukovar, Croatia. Studied in Zagreb. For discoveries in organic chemistry 1939. • Ivo Andric, A Croat born in Dolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Studied in Zagreb. For literature, 1961. • Vladimir Prelog, a Croat born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Studied in Zagreb. For discoveries in organic chemistry, 1975.

  33. FIRST PUBLIC THEATER IN EUROPE 1612 - ON ISLAND HVAR In 1612 a theatre was built on the first floor of an existing building (from 13th century).

  34. FIRST PUBLIC THEATER IN EUROPE Built by the efforts and contributions of all the members of the community, regardless of class.

  35. OPERA Three Slavic nations who have national operas: • Russians: (M. I. Glinka in 1836, 1842), • Croats: Vatroslav Lisinski composed the first Croatian national opera "Ljubav i zloba" ("Love and malice") in 1846. • Czechs: (B. Smetana in 1862), • The most famous Croatian opera: Ero s onoga svijeta, by Jakov Gotovac (1895-1982) It has been translated into 9 languages and performed in about 80 countries.

  36. LEGACY – THE VINODOL CODE • One of the earliest and most important Croatian legal documents is The Vinodol Code, very different from the Roman law, written in the Glagolitic alphabet in 1288. • considered to be one of the most important documents of medieval Europe.Among the Slav Codes only the Rus Code “Pravda” is slightly older (1282). • It was unique in Europe by determining protection and integrity of women. • Introduces the institution of witnesses.

  37. CITY OF DUBROVNIK PEARL OF CROATIAN CULTURE 1317 - the first European pharmacy that has been working continuously till these days was opened there in in Franciscan monastery. • The first hospital (Domus Christi) in Dubrovnik was opened in 1347.

  38. CITY OF DUBROVNIK • In 1296 Dubrovnik had a sewer system. • In 1377 Dubrovnik had the first quarantene in Europe. • An organized production of soap started in 1417. • The firstorphanage was founded in 1432.

  39. CITY OF DUBROVNIK Dubrovnik have the oldest arboretum in Europe - Trsteno, founded in 1498, with many rare plants.

  40. CITY OF DUBROVNIK Upon arrival in 7th ct., Croatians founded the city on remainings of Roman settlement Ragusa. The city walls were built between the 8th and 16th centuries. After Croatia joined in union with Hungary (1102) the Republic of Dubrovnik left the only really free part of Croatia and kept it’s freedom until Napoleon.

  41. CITY OF DUBROVNIK • Ivan Gundulic (1589-1638) from Dubrovnik, one of the greatest Croatian poets wrote in Croatian language the well known patriotic verses devoted to Liberty: • Oh beautiful, oh dear, oh sweet liberty,the gift that Almighty God gave us… Neither all the silver and gold,nor all the human livescan be payment to your pure beauty! • Flag of the Republic of Dubrovnik: The word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

  42. CITY OF DUBROVNIK • One of 8 books of Dubrovnik statute from 1272 contains exclusively regulations concerning Maritime Law, which is the oldest such document in the world. • Slave trade in the Republic of Dubrovnik was forbidden in 1418 (in the British Empire in 1833). • Dubrovnik's 1395 Insurance Law is the oldest in Europe. It had all aspects of contemporary maritime insurance. This law is three centuries older than Lloyd's insurance, London, which dates from the end of 17th century.

  43. CITY OF DUBROVNIK "Dubrovnik Nava" 16 ct. Republic of Dubrovnik built big fleet of sailing ships. In 16thcentury, years of biggest prosperity of Republic of Dubrovnik, theirmercantile marine had 170-200 ships. Besides that, Dubrovnik had big armament navy.

  44. HISTORY - ORIGINS Theearliest mention of the Croatian name asHorovathos (Horvat = Croat) - on two stone inscriptions in Greek language, from around the 200 A.D.,found by the Black Sea (more precisely in the seaport Tanais on the Azov sea, Krim). • "Horoathos archon Tanaiton"(= Croat Mayor of Tanais) and "Synodos Horouathon“ (=Convention of Croats). • Both tablets are held in the archeological museum in St Petersburg, Russia.

  45. INVITATION BY EMPEROR HERACLIUS Emperor Heraclius invites the Croats to settle in the Roman provinces of Pannonia and Dalmatia (as unable to defend the regions from the Avars) This invitation was issued between 610 A.D. and 641 A.D., perhaps during the siege of Byzantium in 626. The migration was mostly complete by 678 when the Croatians sent a delegation to the Court of Constantinople. Rome established contact with the Croatians at the same time and converted the tribes to Christianity through a treaty with Pope Agatho in 680, making Croatia one of the world's oldest Christian nations.

  46. http://www.euratlas.com/big/big0800.htm 800 A.D. A loose confederation of duchies ruled by Bans (Viceroys), began to take the shape of a unified state between 800 and 925.

  47. UPON ARIVAL IN TODAYS HOMELAND • The earliest known Croatian duke was Borna, who ruled from around 812 to 821. • Duke Trpimir ruled from 845 to 864. In852 he issued the oldest known governmental document in the Latin script, where the Croatian name was mentioned (dux Chroatorum) • In a letter from Pope John VIII to Prince Branimir, dated June 7th of 879 A.D., Croatia is mentioned as an independent, sovereign nation. Figure of a Croatian Dignitary” (11th century) from Biskupija near Knin

  48. KING TOMISLAV Among all Slavic nations Croatians first had kingdom (925 AD Duvno) The Emperor of Byzantium, Constantine Porphyrognet (913-959) recorded (about 950.) that during King Tomislav's reign Croatia could raise overnight 100,000 armed soldiers and 60,000 horsemen Tomislav - first Croatian King (910 –928)

  49. 10 c. NAVAL POWER In same document he also recorded the information about the naval power of Croatians numbering: Sagina 10 –11 ct. 80 saginas (oared ships) with 40 fighters in addition to the crew and 100 konduras (oared ships smaller than saginas) with 10 to 20 fighters in addition to the crew. This was a force of about marine 5000 fighters, very respectable for that period.

  50. 1000 A.D. http://www.euratlas.com/big/big1000.htm

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