War with the Bank

1. Bank of the United States Organized by Congress Run by private banker Nicholas Biddle Controlled loans made by state banks = powerful Why did Jackson dislike the bank? Limited the amount of loans to merchants and farmers Favored wealthy Unconstitutional ? Undemocratic ? War with the Bank Jackson’s ultimate plan was to destroy the Bank of the United States

2. Nicholas Biddle

3. The Monster is Destroyed • Jackson’s plan: Veto the renewal of the Bank of the U.S. • Whigs’ plan: Renew charter, which will lead to a Jackson Veto, which will upset Americans, which will lead to a Jackson loss in1832 • What really happened: Renew charter, which led to a Jackson veto…But, Jackson was re-elected • The Second Bank dies • All federal money was put into pet banks • State banks • Run by Jackson’s friends

4. Ironically, Jackson is on a US Bank Note!

7. The Tariff of Abominations • In 1828, Congress passed the highest tariff in the nation’s history • Southerners hated the tariff and called it the “Tariff of Abominations” • Benefited the northern manufacturers by preventing foreign competition • hemp, flax, molasses, iron and sail duck • Hurt the Southerners who sold cotton to Europe and bought European goods • Passed a second tariff in 1832

8. The South Responds • John Calhoun, Vice-President • Wanted to nullify the tariff in South Carolina • Resigns as V.P. • S.C. holds state meeting and votes in favor of Nullification Act • Threaten: S.C. will secede from Union

9. The Solution: Compromise Jerks! • Henry Clay proposes a compromise tariff • Both sides accept: Jackson does not use force, S.C. does not secede • Threat of civil war is gone (for now) • Tensions continue to develop between the north and south • …and now we will begin to see a trend evolve! Snobs!

10. The Tariff of Abominations

11. Indian Removal • In 1830 Pres. Jackson and Congress pass the Indian Removal Act • Forces Native Americans to sign treaties agreeing to move west of the Mississippi • Present day state of Oklahoma • Trail of Tears • Marched Natives hundreds of miles with little food or shelter • Thousands died, mostly elderly & children • Over 4,000 Cherokee (as high as maybe 8,000)

12. Worcester v. Georgia • Georgia: law requiring whites living in Cherokee territory to obtain a permit from the state. • 7 missionaries (Samuel Worcester, wife and 5 others) refused to follow the law: • GA convicted & sentenced them to 4years hard labor. • Missionaries believed the state targeted them because of their support of the Cherokee • Georgia attempting to drive the Native Americans from the state (had stripped all rights from the Cherokee in 1828)

13. Worcester v. Georgia • Case reaches Supreme Court… • John Marshall’s Ruling: • Court stated the United States relationship to the Cherokee was that of two separate nations • Barred Georgia from taking action against them • States can’t negotiate with other sovereign nations • Government did not have the right of possession of Native American land, nor dominion over their laws

14. We, the Supreme Court, rule that you, the Cherokee, have the rights to your land!

15. Jokes on you Marshall…let’s see you enforce that law with your robes and wig! Nobody tells Jackson what to do!

16. Tribes included… • Choctaw, Seminole, Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw, and Cherokee

17. Oklahoma (Indian) Territory

18. Indian Removal Act

19. Trail of Tears