1 / 30

Balls in Flight and Fluid Dynamics Chapter 11

2. Chapter Objectives. Review the principles of aerodynamics and hydrodynamicsMuch was covered in section on Projectile MotionQuantify dynamic fluid forcesConsider motion analysis of spinning ball. 3. Recall:. Fluid = Air is a . 4. Viscosity. The ability of a fluid to provide resistance against objects moving through it Defined as:? = coefficient of dynamic viscosityt = shear stress(dv/dy) = rate of shearGiven in Pa.s.

albert
Download Presentation

Balls in Flight and Fluid Dynamics Chapter 11

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. 1 Balls in Flight and Fluid Dynamics Chapter 11

    2. 2

    3. 3 Recall: Fluid = Air is a

    4. 4 Viscosity The ability of a fluid to provide resistance against objects moving through it Defined as: ? = coefficient of dynamic viscosity t = shear stress (dv/dy) = rate of shear Given in Pa.s

    5. 5 Viscosity cont’d Shear stress: Objects sliding past each other creating friction Shear force divided by area over which it acts

    6. 6 Viscosity Causes an irreversible loss of energy Viscosity of water: 0.001 Pa.s

    7. 7 Forces on an object in a fluid environment Buoyant forces: Attributable to an object’s immersion in fluid Act vertically upward Dynamic forces: Attributable to an object’s relative motion in fluid Resolved in drag and lift forces

    8. 8 Cube in water -- FBD Forces Weight of cube Water pressure on sides Upper force Weight of water above cube Buoyant force Weight of volume of fluid displaced by the object

    9. 9 Buoyancy Forces cont’d The size of buoyant force is equal to the weight of volume of fluid displaced by object.

    10. 10 Density and Specific Gravity Density is: Given in kg/m3 V = volume m = mass

    11. 11 Density and Specific Gravity cont’d Density of water: 1000 kg/m3 Density of air: 1.2 kg/m3 Dependent on temperature and pressure

    12. 12 Density and Specific Gravity cont’d Specific gravity: Ratio of weight of an object to weight of an equal volume of water Objects with SG < 1 will float

    13. 13 Buoyancy of the Body Lean tissues have densities greater than 1000kg/m3. Fat/air densities less than 1000 kg/m3 Basis for hydrostatic weighing

    14. 14 Note: location of Fb depends on varying densities in body. A moment arm can result.

    15. 15 Dynamic Fluid Forces Dynamic fluid forces proportional to: Density of fluid Surface area of object Square of velocity of object WRT fluid

    16. 16 Dynamic Fluid Forces cont’d Drag force: CD = drag coefficient

    17. 17 Relative Velocity Difference between object’s velocity and fluid’s velocity

    18. 18 Drag Force Component of dynamic fluid force Acts in opposition to relative motion of object with respect to fluid

    19. 19 Drag Force cont’d Two types of drag Surface drag Form drag

    20. 20 Surface Drag Molecules slide past the surface and decelerate This also slows down nearby molecules Sum of friction forces

    21. 21 Form Drag A fluid molecule bounces off the surface and is then pushed back toward it by other molecules Sum of impact forces

    22. 22 Lift Force Acts perpendicular to relative motion of object with respect to fluid CL = coefficient of lift FL = lift force

    23. 23 Bernoulli’s Principle Faster-moving fluids exert less pressure laterally than slower-moving fluids Example: airfoil

    24. 24 Spin and Magnus Effect Magnus effect: lift forces occur when balls are spinning Backspin Topspin Sidespin

    25. 25 Boundary Layer Narrow layer of viscous air lying over object as it travels through the air Reynold’s number describes flow conditions around an object

    26. 26 Boundary Layer cont’d Reynold’s number r = radius of ball v = velocity ? = density of air ? = viscosity of air

    27. 27 Boundary Layer cont’d Flow conditions can be: Laminar (Re < 500) Turbular (Re > 500)

    28. 28

    29. 29 Seams and stitches Disrupt boundary layer flow

    30. 30 Less drag? Instability in the boundary layer allows faster moving air to mix with the slow moving air near the surface Allows air to flow farther around the ball before the boundary layer separates Smaller turbulent wake, reduced drag

More Related