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Automotive Internal Combustion Engine Classifications

Automotive Internal Combustion Engine Classifications Engine Design Cylinder Arrangement Camshaft Location and Number Ignition Systems Combustion Chamber Designs Engine Design Reciprocating (piston) 4 stroke cycle 2 stroke cycle (not currently used in automotive applications)

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Automotive Internal Combustion Engine Classifications

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  1. Automotive Internal Combustion Engine Classifications • Engine Design • Cylinder Arrangement • Camshaft Location and Number • Ignition Systems • Combustion Chamber Designs

  2. Engine Design • Reciprocating (piston) • 4 stroke cycle • 2 stroke cycle (not currently used in automotive applications) • Miller cycle: differs from traditional 4 stroke by keeping intake valve open much longer • Rotary

  3. Cylinder Arrangement • Inline • 3/4/5/6 cylinder configurations • V-type • 6/8/10 cylinder configurations • Horizontally Opposed • 4/6 cylinder configurations

  4. Cylinder Arrangement • Firing Order: sequence in which cylinders fire • Cylinders are numbered from front to rear • Determined by number of cylinders and arrangement of crankshaft throws

  5. Camshaft Location and Number • Overhead Cam (OHC): cam located in cylinder head • SOHC: one cam for both intake and exhaust valves • DOHC: separate intake and exhaust cams • Pushrod: cam located in engine block

  6. Ignition Systems • Method for igniting air/fuel mixture • Spark Ignition (SI) • Gasoline • LNG • CNG • Alternative fuels • Compression Ignition (CI) • Diesel

  7. Combustion Chamber Designs • Wedge: • Intake and exhaust valves set in a plane • Spark plug located above or below valve plane • Cheaper manufacturing cost • Hemispherical (hemi): • Valves set in two planes • Spark plug located between valves • More efficient • Higher output • Higher manufacturing cost

  8. Combustion Chamber Designs • Non-interference (freewheeling): • Clearance between open valves and piston at TDC • Interference: • No clearance between open valves and piston at TDC • Major engine damage if cam or crank is turned independently

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