Contact: ( Dr. Ashraf Aboshosha ) www.icgst.com, www.icgst-amc.com editor@icgst.com Tel.: 0020-122-1804952 Fax.: 0020-2

1. SCADA Programming Contact: (Dr. AshrafAboshosha) www.icgst.com, www.icgst-amc.com editor@icgst.com Tel.: 0020-122-1804952 Fax.: 0020-2-24115475 Prepared by: Eng. Mohamed Hassan Supervised by: Dr. AshrafAboshosha

2. Introduction • SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining, and Transportation (airport, traffic control, rails) • These systems encompass the transfer of data between a SCADA central host computer and a number of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and/or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and the central host and the operator terminals

3. Introduction • A SCADA system gathers information (such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred), transfers the information back to a central site, then alerts the home station that a leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion • These systems can be relatively simple, such as monitoring environmental conditions of a small office building, or very complex, such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water system

4. Introduction • SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System • History • Why SCADA? • Definition of SCADA

5. History • Egyptian supervisory • First half of the 20th century • Development from telemetry system • Weather predictions • Rail road tracks • Two way system • 1960s idea for supervisory • 1970s radio system

6. Why SCADA? • Saves Time and Money • Less traveling for workers (e.g. helicopter ride) • Reduces man-power needs • Increases production efficiency of a company • Cost effective for power systems • Saves energy • Reliable • Supervisory control over a particular system

7. What is SCADA? • Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition • Supervisory • Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc • Control • Monitoring • Limited • Telemetry • Remote/Local • Data acquisition • Access and acquire information or data from the equipment • Sends it to different sites through telemetry • Analog / Digital

8. Use Case Diagram for SCADA System • Description: The goal is to supervise, control, monitor and acquire data for critical infrastructure systems, operate from remote end and ensure security and safety • Actors: • Field Devices • Local Control Center (LCC) • Remote Telemetry Units (RTU) • Master / Central Control Terminal Unit (MTU) • Operator • Supervisor

9. Use Cases • System Shut Down / Startup • Gather Field Information • Perform Local Control • Transfer Field Information • Manage Field Information • Perform Remote Control • Analyze System State • Schedule Task • Balance Load • Adjust Settings • Check Status • Manage Logging

10. <<actor>> Field Devices SCADA System <<actor>> Remote Terminal Unit <<actor>> Local Control Center <<actor>> Central Control Terminal Unit Gather Field Information Perform Local Control Transfer Information Manage Field Information <<include>> Perform Remote Control Analyze System State Operator Schedule Task Balance Load Supervisor Adjust Settings System Startup/ Shutdown Check Status Manage Logging

11. Pre Conditions for SCADA System • The operator is logged in. • The system is real time system.

12. Layers System Startup/Shutdown Check Status Adjust Settings Perform Control Application Layer System Level Switches Printers HMI GPS Routers Transport Layer Communication System ModBus IEC 61850 DNP 3 Ethernet: TCP/IP Protocols Data Gathering Distribution Layer RTU IED Bay Control Units Field Devices Actuators Sensors Hardware Layer Field Device Units

13. Layer Pattern • SCADA system being highly complex and distributed, it is important to understand SCADA in Terms of Layers for simplicity as shown in Figure above. The intent, forces, advantages for the layer Patterns are the same. However here we apply this pattern on the real physical system. • Layer 1: It is the field Units, considering the Generation, Transmission and Distribution at one place, we have all the process controls, I/Os, status, metering, measuring values, etc. It also includes local control.  • Layer 2: The field values, I/O – analog, digital, measuring and other commands, operations, are taken to RTUs, IEDs, PLCs, BCUs, and other I/O cards to communicate to higher end.

14. Layer Pattern • Layer 3: This includes all the communication cables, protocol architecture required for higher end communication interfaced with all field signals. It is the backbone in the modern control centers, which has immensely reduced physical wiring, big marshalling and increased the reliability and more improved quality signals. Today latest protocols like IEC 61850, Modbus and other proprietary protocols are used. • Layer 4: This includes the Control centre equipped with dynamic changing states of the system displayed on HMI, which is powerful to read values, prompt and diagnosis system change and with a click on HMI, to carry out operations. •  Layer 5: Connection with the outside world using Internet and various new technology related to mobile / cell phone operations.

15. More Patterns We can apply more patterns: • Broker (Inter substation control) • Client – Sever – Dispatch (Between Main system and operator console) • Web Services (Internet Control) • Model View Controller (HMI) • Three-tier Unified Physical Access Control to Buildings and information

16. Classifications • Anatomy of a SCADA system? • Elements of SCADA • Levels of SCADA • Where is SCADA used? • Different applications of SCADA systems? • What types of SCADA are there? • Component manufacturers and system manufacturers of the SCADA systems? • Automation Solutions • Software • Hardware

17. Elements of SCADA Elements of a SCADA system • Sensors and actuators • RTUs/PLCs • Communication • MTU • Front End Processor • SCADA server • Historical/Redundant/Safety Server • HMI computer • HMI software

18. Sensors Types of sensors: • Pressure sensors • Temperature sensors • Light sensors • Humidity sensors • Wind speed sensors • Water level sensors • Distance sensors

19. Actuators Actuators: • Valves • Pumps • Motors

20. RTUs RTU – Remote Terminal Unit • Intelligent to control a process and multiple processes • Data logging and alarm handling • Expandable • Asks the field devices for information • Can control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device) • Slave/Master device

21. Alarms • Types of alarms: • Good alarms • Critical failure alarms

22. Safety instrumented systems • Actions: • Override the normal control system • Take over the actuators

23. PLCs PLC – Programmable Logic Controller • Ladder logic • Industrial computer that replaced relays • Not a protocol converter • Cannot control IEDs • Communication compatibilities • Takes actions based on its inputs

24. Communication Communication systems: • Switched Telephone Network • Leased lines • Private Network (LAN/RS-485) • Internet • Wireless Communication systems • Wireless LAN • Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Network • Radio modems

25. Communication • Protocols: • MODBUS • DNP 3.0 • Fieldbus • Controller Area Network (CAN) • Profibus • DirectNet • TCP/IP • Ethernet

26. Front End Processor Front End Processor • Gathers all communications and converts them into SCADA friendly communication • Communication interface between several RTU channels and the host Master Station computer

27. SCADA server SCADA Server • It can be a Web server • Data logging • Analyzing data • Serve the clients through a firewall • Clients connected in the corporation or connected outside through internet • Real-time decision maker • Asks RTU for information

28. Historical server • Historical/Safety/Redundant Server • Logs the data from the SCADA server and stores it as a backup, in case of a disaster • It is basically a safety server

29. HMI Computer • Human Machine Interface Computer • Access on the SCADA Server • Control the system • Operator Interface • Software • User friendly • Programmable (C, C++)

30. DCS • DCS – Distributed Control System • Process oriented – tendency to do something • Not event oriented – does not depend on circumstances • Local control over the devices • Subordinate to SCADA

31. Levels of SCADA • Four levels of SCADA system • Level IV - Enterprise • Corporate LAN/WAN • World Wide Web • Virtual Private Network • Firewall for remote users • Level III – SCADA / MTU • Operator Workstations • Control • Engineering Workstations • Servers – Data logging

32. Levels of SCADA • Four levels of SCADA system • Level II – Telecommunication • Fiber • Radio • Telephone leased line • Protocols • Level I – Field • Devices • RTUs / PLCs • Sensors

33. Level IV - Enterprise

34. Level III - SCADA

35. Level II and I • Telecommunication and Field

36. Where is SCADA used? • Main SCADA applications: • Water and Wastewater • Power • Oil and Gas • Research facilities • Transportation • Security systems • Siren systems • Irrigation • Communication control

37. Buildings, facilities and environments: Facility managers use SCADA to control HVAC, refrigeration units, lighting and entry systems. Electric power generation, transmission and distribution: Electric utilities detect current flow and line voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to take sections of the power grid online or offline. Manufacturing: manage parts inventories for just-in-time manufacturing, regulate industrial automation and robots, and monitor process and quality control. Mass transit: regulate electricity to subways, trams and trolley buses; to automate traffic signals for rail systems; to track and locate trains and buses; and to control railroad crossing gates. Water and sewage: State and municipal water utilities use SCADA to monitor and regulate water flow, reservoir levels, pipe pressure and other factors. Traffic signals: regulates traffic lights, controls traffic flow and detects out-of-order signals.

38. POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Remote Telemetry Unit (RTU) WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SCADA MASTER UNITS HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACE Remote Telemetry Unit (RTU) PROCESS PLANT TRANSPORT SYSTEM PETROCHEMICAL PLANT

39. SCADA examples • SCADA examples: • Gas control systems • Water control systems • Power systems

40. Gas SCADA

41. Water SCADA

42. Power SCADA power control

43. SCADA system types • Three types of basic SCADA systems: • Basic SCADA • One machine process • One RTU and MTU • Integrated SCADA • Multiple RTUs • DCS • Networked SCADA • Multiple SCADA

44. Basic SCADA • Car manufacturing robot • Room temperature control

45. Integrated SCADA • Water systems • Subway systems • Security systems

46. Networked SCADA • Power systems • Communication systems

47. Automation solutions • SCADA system manufacturers • Modular SCADA, UK • MOSCAD, Motorola • Rockwell Automation • ABCO • ABB • Lantronix

48. SCADA Hardware • SCADA Hardware manufacturers • Rockwell Allen Bradley • General Electric (GE) • Emerson • Schneider Electric

49. SCADA Software • SCADA Software manufacturers • Intellution (Fix 32) • Iconics (Genesis32 v7.0) • Wonderware (InTouch) • Citect (CitectSCADA 5.42) • National Instruments (Lookout SCADA)

50. End Thank you