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Emergence

Emergence Is AI intelligent like us? Or are we only as intelligent as AI? What the… ? Artificial Intelligence can exhibit emergence Human intelligence displays emergent characteristics Emergence regarding AI and human intelligence: two way street Umm… Mike… What’s emergence?

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Emergence

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  1. Emergence Is AI intelligent like us? Or are we only as intelligent as AI?

  2. What the… ? • Artificial Intelligence can exhibit emergence • Human intelligence displays emergent characteristics • Emergence regarding AI and human intelligence: two way street

  3. Umm… Mike… What’s emergence?

  4. Webster.com says… • Emergence: the act or an instance of emerging • Thanks a lot Webster. • Emerging/Emerge: • to become manifest • to rise from an obscure or inferior position or condition • to come into being through evolution

  5. Operational Definition • The appearance of that which is greater than the sum of its parts. • E.G. – Human Intelligence from artificial intelligence • Artificial intelligence: set in algorithms • Human Intelligence: capable of transcending algorithms

  6. Algorithm • A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end, especially by a computer • For our purposes: structured procedure taken by a thought process

  7. Algorithm • Human intelligence and artificial intelligence can work similarly in algorithms • Human intelligence transcends algorithms • AI does not necessarily transcend its given structure

  8. Two Way Street • Emergence from AI could say one of the following: • 1. Artificial intelligence has attained a uniquely human attribute. • 2. Human intelligence is possibly nothing more than extended artificial intelligence. • 3. Emergence is intrinsic to both forms of intelligence.

  9. What that means • Two distinct areas of intelligence: “within” and “capable of beyond” algorithms • For AI to become HI, need emergence to break free from algorithm

  10. Emergence Test • Design • Observation Capcarrère, M., Ronald, E. & Sipper, M. (1999). Design, observation, surprise! A test of emergence. Artificial Life, 5(3), 225-239.

  11. SURPRISE!

  12. http://www.webalice.it/anna.nardella/ant.html

  13. http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1

  14. Conclusions • AI and HI are different: algorithms! • Emergence bridges AI and HI • Emergence implies one of the following: • AI has gained a uniquely human attribute • HI is simply an extended AI attribute • Emergence is intrinsic to both AI and HI

  15. References • Capcarrère, M., Ronald, E. & Sipper, M. (1999). Design, observation, surprise! A test of emergence. Artificial Life, 5(3), 225-239. • Collins, H.M. (1993). The structure of knowledge. Social Research, 60(1), 95-116. • http://www.webster.com • http://www.webalice.it/anna.nardella/ant.html • Rapaport, W.J. (1998). How minds can be computational systems. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 10(4), 403-419. • Spivey, M.J. (2000). Turning the tables on the Turing test: the Spivey test. Connection Science, 12(1), 91-94. • Stewart, I. (1994). The ultimate in anty-particles. Scientific American, 271, 104-107.

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