MR:PP Workshop #1 Kritzer & Pagliaro October 10, 2009

1. From Breakfast to Bedtime: Daily Routines in Everyday Life MR:PP Workshop #1 Kritzer & Pagliaro October 10, 2009

2. The "Big Picture"

3. Bad news. Math Achievement of D/HH Students • High School: 6th/5th gr. • Middle School: 4th/3rd gr. • Elementary School: 2nd/3rd gr. • Pre-school aged: substantially behind in foundational mathematics concepts Consistent over the past 30 years! (Allen, 1995; Ansell & Pagliaro, 2006; Kritzer, 2007; Leybaert & Van Cutsem, 2002; Marschark & Everhart, 1999; Nunes & Moreno, 1998; Stanwick, Oddy, & Roper, 2005; Traxler, 2000)

4. Good news! Math Achievement of D/HH Students • Math skills at the time of school entry are a strong predictor of later achievement • Family interaction and the home environment are important predictors of later academic success in content areas such as mathematics (Allen, 1995; Ansell & Pagliaro, 2006; Kritzer, 2007; Leybaert & Van Cutsem, 2002; Marschark & Everhart, 1999; Nunes & Moreno, 1998; Stanwick, Oddy, & Roper, 2005; Traxler, 2000)

5. MR:PP Project Goal To create an online program for parents that improves the math achievement of deaf and hard-of-hearing students through natural, daily activities and experiences.

6. MR:PP Premise Math Dev. Stimulus Language Mediation My child

7. MR:PP Premise Math Dev. Stimulus Language Mediation My child

8. Mediation Mediation MR:PP Premise Math Dev. Stimulus Stimulus Language Mediation My child

9. Stimulus Mediation Mediation MR:PP Premise Math Dev. Stimulus Language Mediation My child

10. What is Mediation? • Making information accessible & easy to understand to another individual • Guidance through questioning • Modeling how to learn and seek information

11. Three Types of Mediation • Creating Learning Environments(Intentionality/Reciprocity) • Encourage engagement with the environment • Ex. Initiating communication, responding, focusing attention • Connecting Learning Environments (Transcendence/Meaning) • Make connections; demonstrate curiosity • Ex. Questioning, explaining, comparing, referring to time • Creating Lifelong Learners (Competence/Regulation of Behavior) • Encourage self-control & self-esteem; reinforce positive learning behaviors; deter impulsivity • Ex. Planning, praising, prudency Miles & Huberman, 1994; Feuerstein & Rand,1997

12. General Mediation Strategies Maintain visual attention while communicating with your child Discuss things in context (e.g., discuss where toys belong as you help your child put them away) Take advantage of what your child is doing naturally (e.g., match toys)

13. Through mediation kids… learn how to learn.

14. Learning Behaviors Math Ability Mediation Research shows…

15. Parent Mediation Comparisons Low Math Ability Group Mom gives child an Ice Pop. Mom: The paper from the ice goes in the trash. Child: (teasing) I’ll put it under the bed. [no response] High Math Ability Group While driving to a party. Child: How far is it? Mom: About 40 minutes. Where do they live? Do you remember the town?

16. Parent Mediation Comparisons Low Math Ability Group Child tells mom that she wants her Easter candy. Mom gets two Easter baskets off the entertainment center and gives them to the child. High Math Ability Group Adult: You don’t eat at 6, that’s late. Get home around 4:30, you eat around 5. Child: No, yesterday we ate at 6, remember? We had pizza. Adult: Oh, you’re right, yesterday was different.

17. Thus… Mediation by adults More learning/ More questions Kids exhibit same behaviors

18. Today's Workshop

19. Context Daily routines Helping around the house Math Concepts Categorization Sequencing Workshop 1: Context & Concepts

20. Context • Daily routines • Wake up on school days • Brushing teeth • Bed time • Meals • Saturday/Sunday mornings (What’s different?) • Helping around the house • Sorting laundry/matching socks • Putting away groceries, toys

21. Math Concepts • Categorization/grouping • Same, different; Intersection – by two aspects • By physical characteristic • By function • By concept • Explicit or implicit “rule” • Sequencing/ordering • First, second, third, next, last • Smallest to biggest, etc.

22. Categorization, Language, & Number • Language helps children to sort. When they have a label for a category they begin to search for things that match that label. Children learn: First - names for objects Then - names for properties (color, etc.) Then - names for numbers • Categorization give a reason to count (e.g., count the bears) (Carey, 1982; Mix, Huttenlocher, Levine, 2002; Mix & Waxman, 1999; Nelson, 1973; Smith & Sera, 1992)

23. Time In/out Together/with Same/different Sequence/order First, second, third, next, last Category/group Color (blue, green, etc.) Shape Circle, triangle, square, rectangle, rhombus Texture Smooth, rough, bumpy, soft, hard Function Play, eat, work, use Some Related Vocabulary

24. Development of Categorization • Match perceptually- by characteristics that are observable (e.g., match socks that are the same) • Group perceptually- by characteristics that are observable (e.g., color, shape) • Sort by characteristics that are not directly observable (e.g., function, number) • Consider more than one characteristic simultaneously; and/or consider an implicit relationship (Adapted from: Phillips & Phillips, 1996)

25. Mediation of Categorization Across Development • Sample activity: Matching • When? • During play, household chores • What do I need? • Socks, mittens, any group of items to be matched (1 to 1; or 1 to many) • How? What do I do? • Give child group of items to be matched • Say: find the socks that are the same. Put them together. • Say: here are all of your action figures, what else goes in this group?

26. Mediation of Categorization Across Development • Sample Activity: Is it or isn’t it?* • When: During play, cleaning up, etc. • What do I need: A junk drawer, toy box, etc. • How? What do I do? • Put all things on floor or table. • Decide on observable characteristics to sort by (Ex: soft, hard, blue, has wheels, etc.) • Ask child: Can you find something soft? Is there anything here that has wheels? • Ask child: Find EVERYTHING soft- • Discuss each item child selects, sort and re-sort • Decide on non-observable characteristics to sort by (Ex: everything that mommy uses, find everything used for cooking, etc.)

27. Mediation of Categorization Across Development • Sample Activity: Junk Drawer Jumbalya* • When: During play, while cleaning up • What do I need: 10-20 things from toy box or junk drawer • How? What do I do? • SHARED CHARACTERISTIC • Say: That was just sorted as “red” – now it is in the “soft” pile- can something be red and soft? OR • ABSTRACT AND IMPLICIT • Say: I’m looking at all of these things to see if I can find two that go together • Separate items that go together. Say: Why do these things go together? [accept all reasonable answers] • If child can’t come up with it, add another member to your group. Say: This belongs in this group too. • If child doesn’t know- tell him/her. Together, find more things that fit that group- Think “out loud” as you sort • Gradually move on to unobservable characteristics

28. Natural Opportunities for Categorization • Laundry • Matching socks- Say: Find all of the socks that go together. • Sorting loads-Choose characteristic of laundry load (ex: darks). Say: We need to wash all of the dark things- which things are dark in color? • Sorting by person- Say: We need to put the clothes away. Find all of mommy’s things and put them together. Find all of daddy’s things, put them together, etc. • Sorting by location- Choose a non-observable, implicit (“in my head”) characteristic to sort by-(ex: items that go in a specific drawer). Say: I put all of these things together- do you know why? What else goes in this group?

29. Natural Opportunities for Categorization • Grocery shopping* • Decide on characteristic to sort by (ex: frozen, canned goods, etc.) Say: Find everything that goes in the freezer. Put it on the table over here. • Decide on non-observable characteristic to sort by. Say: Find mommy’s favorite foods; find YOUR favorite foods. • Decide on non-observable, implicit characteristic to sort by (ex: items that belong on a certain shelf). Say: Here are two things that go together. Can you find anything else that goes in this group?

30. Development of Sequencing (Ordering; Seriating) • Sequencing is related to ordering or seriating • More difficult than comparing- several decisions must be made (e.g., to sort by length the “middle” of 3 items must be bigger than one and smaller than the other- child must understand that an item can be “bigger” and “smaller” simultaneously).- • In terms of sequence- an event happens before one step and after another- all abstract terms • Trajectory • Things placed in random order • Use of trial and error • Systematic ordering (Copeland, 1984; Sperry-Smith, 2006)

31. Mediating Sequencing Across Development • Watch for opportunities when the child lines things up or is playing with items that can be aligned- “Let’s put these ___ in order from smallest to biggest. This ___ is smallest so it’s first, this ___ is bigger, so it goes next, this ___is the biggest. It goes last.” • Emphasize the importance of order. For example, “When you brush your teeth the first thing you do is ____ next you ____” – emphasize the importance of order- “Can you put your toothbrush in your mouth BEFORE you put on the toothpaste? No…” • Talk out sequence- Think aloud and involve your child in the process- For example, when heating up a can of soup- “What should I do first? I need to open the can…”

32. Natural Opportunities for Sequencing • Identify daily routines in your household • Take pictures of your child engaging in each step of a routine - post as a visual reminder and aid for discussion • Post a weekly schedule in an accessible location (e.g., on the refrigerator)- talk about what you are doing “today” “tomorrow” what you did “yesterday” • Use sequencing language to discussing what is done during routines

33. Other ideas???

34. Combining Categorization and Sequencing in Play • Sample activity: Shoes in a Row* • When? • Play • What do I need? • shoes • How? What do I do? • Gather shoes from family members • Say: “look at these shoes! What a mess! I am going to fix them.” • As you sort the shoes, talk about what you are doing: “I’m putting Daddy’s shoe with Daddy’s other shoe.” • Involve your child. Comment on how s/he arranges the shoes. For example, “You put Daddy’s shoe next to mommy’s shoe, etc.) • Leave the shoes as your child arranged them. Have him/her explain the arrangement to another person.

35. *Tasks adapted from • Barron, M. (1995). Ready, Set, Count, 60 playful math activities for you and your child to share. John Wiley & Sons: New York.

36. Questions???

37. LUNCH!

38. “Homework” • Videotapes • You make 8 videotapes • 2 videos of you and your child cooking/meal time; • 2 videos of you and your child at bedtime; • 1 video of you and your child doing the categorization/sequencing activity; • 1 video of you and your child taking a trip (to the store or to a friend’s house, etc.); • 1 video of you and your child at a cultural event (Deaf event, birthday party, etc.); • 1 video of you and your child doing something else – your choice (reading a story, gardening, bath time, etc.).

39. “Homework” Either or both of the following: Activity

40. “Homework” • Laundry • Matching socks- Say: Find all of the socks that go together. • Sorting loads-Choose characteristic of laundry load (ex: darks). Say: We need to wash all of the dark things- which things are dark in color? • Sorting by person- Say: We need to put the clothes away. Find all of mommy’s things and put them together. Find all of daddy’s things, put them together, etc. • Sorting by location- Choose a non-observable, implicit (“in my head”) characteristic to sort by-(ex: items that go in a specific drawer). Say: I put all of these things together- do you know why? What else goes in this group?

41. “Homework” • Grocery shopping * • Decide on characteristic to sort by (ex: frozen, canned goods, etc.) Say: Find everything that goes in the freezer. Put it on the table over here. • Decide on non-observable characteristic to sort by. Say: Find mommy’s favorite foods; find YOUR favorite foods. • Decide on non-observable, implicit characteristic to sort by (ex: items that belong on a certain shelf). Say: Here are two things that go together. Can you find anything else that goes in this group?

42. “Homework” • Daily Log/Reflection • On wiki page, you write about what your child did that day that you consider to be math or related to math • You comment on how your child is developing his/her math skills – the progress/advances that you notice • Wiki Discussions • On wiki page, you write about the success and challenges that you experience as you try to apply what you learned in the workshop. • You share ideas with other parents and problem solve • You ask questions and get advice from other parents and staff • You get support between workshops

43. Questions???

44. Next Workshop • When: November 21st • Time: 9:30-3:30 • Where: KSD See you next month!