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Topic :Intro to Organic Chemistry – hydrocarbons and isomers

Topic :Intro to Organic Chemistry – hydrocarbons and isomers. Do Now: read p.2 – amazing carbon. Organic chemistry = carbon compounds (except oxides, carbides C + element that is less electronegative), & carbonates). Bonding Capacity. H can form only 1 bond

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Topic :Intro to Organic Chemistry – hydrocarbons and isomers

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  1. Topic :Intro to Organic Chemistry – hydrocarbons and isomers Do Now: read p.2 – amazing carbon

  2. Organic chemistry = carbon compounds (except oxides, carbides C + element that is less electronegative), & carbonates)

  3. Bonding Capacity • H can form only 1 bond • The halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) form only 1 bond • O and S like to form 2 bonds • N and P form 3 bonds • C form 4 bonds

  4. Why so many C compounds? • Carbon atoms can bond with other carbon atoms in chains, rings, and networks • Bonds are covalent

  5. Lewis Diagram of C • • C • • Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons so it can form 4 covalent bonds

  6. Properties of Covalent Substances(also called molecular substances) • Low melting points, low boiling points • Poor conductors of heat & electricity • May be soft or brittle • Generally nonpolar • van der Waals forces • Tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents • React more slowly than ionic compounds

  7. Increasing in Size = Increasing IMF = increasing BP/MP

  8. CH3OH CH4 CH3Cl Chemical Formulas • show kind & # of atoms CH2Cl2

  9. Structural Formulas • show kind & # of atoms • show bonds • 2-D picture

  10. Structural Formulas • single line (–) represents one pair of electrons (a single bond) • double line (=)represents two pairs of electrons (a double bond) • triple line ()represents three pairs of electrons (a triple bond)

  11. Condensed Structural Formula • shows kind & # of atoms • shows some structural information, but not all details structural formula: H H H H–C–C–C–H H H H Condensed structural formula: CH3CH2CH3

  12. We will be looking at 3 Homologous Series of HydrocarbonsAlkanesAlkenesAlkynes • Hydrocarbons: organic compounds containing only C and H • Homologous series = group of compounds with related structures &properties • molecules have fixed, numerical relationship among # of atoms See table Q

  13. Isomers • Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural arrangement • The more C atoms there are the more isomers can have (more possible ways to arrange atoms)

  14. Isomers • Different structures, different physical and chemical properties

  15. NOT ISOMER IF… • They have the same name • If can rotate/flip one to look like the other

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