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6: Bone loss can occur at any point on the buccal surface of molars so pocket depth must be checked at several points and the deepest measurement recorded.
7:
Bone loss in furcations can occur in a horizontal or vertical plane.
9:
Grade I furcation on the buccal of first molar.
10:
Radiograph shows intact bone in furcation.
11:
At time of surgery minimal bone loss in furcation.
13:
Early grade II furcation. Both molars have grade II furcation with 5mm pockets.
14:
Early grade II furcations at time of surgery, beginning bone loss in both molars.
15:
Moderate grade II furcation. More severe horizontal bone loss on the buccal is seen at the time of surgery.
16:
Moderate grade II furcation. Radiographic evidence of bone loss in furcation.
17: Advanced grade II furcation. Severe bone loss in buccal furcation while the lingual furcation has normal bone.
18: Advanced grade II furcation. The probe can not pass completely through the furcation as there is still intact bone in the lingual half of the furcation.
22: Radiograph shows deep bone loss on mesial and triangular shaped radiolucency in distal furcation.
23: CAT scan will allow cross section views of interior of furca in 1 mm bucco palatal slices.
24: CAT scan image shows bone loss with no bone attached to the roof of the furca.
25: Additional cross section views towards distal show bone loss across the whole width of the furcation.
26: At time of surgery there is advanced bone loss exposing the mesial furca with bone loss extending all the way to the distal furcation
27: Grade III furcations extending across both the first and second molars with bone loss allowing passage of probes completely through the furcation.
28: At the time of surgery there has been bone loss in both a horizontal and vertical dimensions.
30: Slide to be inserted!!!
31:
Examples of furcation involvement of upper teeth.
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33:
Early furcation involvement of mesial of first premolar.
35:
Extracted upper molar with calculus in roof of furcation.
39: In this case grade II furcations on the buccal and lingual were treated with initial therapy and then with flap and osseous surgery.
61: In cases with advanced grade III involvement it may be necessary to extract the tooth due to its very poor hopeless prognosis.