Specialized Business Information Systems

1. Specialized Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

2. Principles and Learning Objectives • Artificial intelligence systems form a broad and diverse set of systems that can replicate human decision making for certain types of well-defined problems. • Define the term artificial intelligence and state the objective of developing artificial intelligence systems. • List the characteristics of intelligent behavior and compare the performance of natural and artificial intelligence systems for each of these characteristics. • Identify the major components of the artificial intelligence field and provide one example of each type of system. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

3. Principles and Learning Objectives • Expert systems can enable a novice to perform at the level of an expert but must be developed and maintained very carefully. • List the characteristics and basic components of expert systems. • Identify at least three factors to consider in evaluating the development of an expert system. • Outline and briefly explain the steps for developing an expert system. • Identify the benefits associated with the use of expert systems. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

4. Principles and Learning Objectives • Virtual reality systems have the potential to reshape the interface between people and information technology by offering new ways to communicate information creatively. • Define the term virtual reality and provide three examples of virtual reality applications. • Special-purpose systems can help organizations and individuals achieve their goals. • Discuss examples of special-purpose systems for organizational and individual use. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

5. An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

6. The Nature of Intelligence • Learn from experience & apply the knowledge • Handle complex situations • Solve problems when important information is missing • Determine what is important Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

7. The Nature of Intelligence • React quickly & correctly to new situations • Understand visual images • Process & manipulate symbols • Be creative & imaginative • Use heuristics Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

8. The Difference Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

9. The Major Branches of ArtificialIntelligence Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

10. An Overview of Expert Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

11. Characteristics of an Expert System • Can explain their reasoning or suggested decisions • Can display “intelligent” behavior • Can draw conclusions from complex relationships • Can provide portable knowledge • Can deal with uncertainty • Not widely used or tested Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

12. Characteristics of an Expert System • Limited to relatively narrow problems • Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge • Possibility of error • Cannot refine its own knowledge • May have high development costs • Raise legal and ethical concerns Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

13. Capabilities of an Expert Systems • Strategic goal setting • Planning • Design • Decision-making • Quality control and monitoring • Diagnosis Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

14. Capabilities of Expert Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

15. When to Use Expert Systems • High payoff • Preserve scarce expertise • Distribute expertise • Provide more consistency than humans • Faster solutions than humans • Training expertise Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

16. Components of an Expert System Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

17. Knowledge Base • Assembling human experts • The use of fuzzy logic • The use of rules • The use of cases Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

18. Knowledge Base Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

19. Inference Engine • Backward chaining • Forward chaining • Comparison of backward and forward chaining Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

20. The Use of Rules Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

21. The Knowledge Acquisition Facility Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

22. Components of an Expert System • The explanation facility • The knowledge acquisition facility • The user interface Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

23. Expert Systems Development Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

24. Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems • Domain expert • Knowledge engineer • Knowledge user Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

25. Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

26. Domain Experts • Recognize the real problem • Develop a general framework for problem solving • Formulate theories about the situation • Develop and use general rules to solve a problem • Know when to break the rules or general principles • Solve problems quickly and efficiently Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

27. Expert Systems Development Tools and Techniques Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

28. Expert Systems Development Tools and Techniques Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

29. Expert Systems Development Alternatives Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

30. Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence • Credit granting and loan analysis • Stock picking • Catching cheats and terrorists • Budgeting Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

31. Applications of Expert System and Artificial Intelligence • Information management and retrieval • Games • Virus detection • Hospitals and medical facilities Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

32. Virtual Reality Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

33. Virtual Reality • Enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment • Immersive virtual reality - user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer • Virtual reality system - enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

34. Segway Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

35. Interface Devices • Head-mounted display (HMD) • Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM) • CAVE • Haptic interface Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

36. Forms of Virtual Reality • Mouse-controlled navigation • Stereo projection systems • Stereo viewing from the monitor via stereo glasses Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

37. Useful Applications • Medicine – used to link stroke patients to physical therapists • Education and training – used by military for aircraft maintenance • Entertainment • Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

38. Useful Applications • Real Estate Marketing and Tourism • Used to increase real estate sales • Virtual reality tour of the White House Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

39. Other Specialized Systems • Segway Personal Transporter • Adaptive brain interface technology • Personal awareness assistant (PAA) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

40. Summary • Artificial intelligence - used to describe computers with ability to mimic or duplicate functions of the human brain • Intelligent behavior - includes the ability to learn from experience • Expert systems - can explain their reasoning (or suggested decisions) and display intelligent behavior • Virtual reality systems - enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment • Special-purpose systems - assist organizations and individuals in new and exciting ways. For example, Segway Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition