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The Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange. Definition:. exchange of plants and animals between Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia) and New World (Americas). Reasons for Exploration:. Three G’s. Unintentional Effects:. spread of food allowed for population growth Animals had many effects

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The Columbian Exchange

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  1. The Columbian Exchange

  2. Definition: • exchange of plants and animals between Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia) and New World (Americas)

  3. Reasons for Exploration: • Three G’s

  4. Unintentional Effects: • spread of food allowed for population growth • Animals had many effects • Disease killed up to 90% of Native people • changes in populations all around the world • Natives died • Africans increase because of corn and peanut • China increase because of potato and peanut • Europe increases because of potato and corn • Ten million African slaves sent to America

  5. Europeans Contributed: • Christianity • Diseases- influenza, smallpox, typhoid, measles, malaria, yellow fever, cholera, and bubonic plague • Some of these diseases were because they had gotten them from the domesticated animals (influenza from ducks and chicken pox from chickens)

  6. Europeans Contributed: • Sugar, cotton, rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, turnips, onions, cabbage, lettuce, peaches, pears,vanilla • Dogs, horses, donkeys, pigs, cattle, goats, sheep, barnyard fowl

  7. Europeans Contributed: • Sugar: developed in SE Asia, to Europe by 1st Crusade; combined with coffee, tea, rum or chocolate it became an addictive stimulant • Horse: to Americas on Columbus’ 2nd voyage (with sugar); used to conquer the Aztecs, changed life for Native Americans in the North by 1750 (some gave up farming for nomadic hunting)

  8. Native Americans Contributed: • Labor (mostly forced) • Potato, corn, squashes cocoa, tobacco, pineapples, papaya, avocados, cotton • Silver and gold • dogs, llamas, guinea pigs • potato: many varieties- hardiness in cold weather, disease resistant; much of Europe became dependent on them as they provide more food per acre than any other crop and grow in poor soils • corn: double the yield of wheat per acre

  9. Effects of Columbian Exchange on modern world • Main diet of Southern Africa: maize (corn) • What is the main crop of Kansas and Argentina? wheat • What is the main crop of the Rio Grande valley? Rice • Could Cortes and Pizarro have conquered the Aztec and Inca without disease and the horse? • Modern examples of migrating flora and fauna • AIDS • Killer bees- 1956 from Africa to Brazil • Zebra mussels- from Europe mid 1980’s- disrupt the food chain and damage ships and pipes throughout The Great lakes and Upper Mississippi River

  10. The Geography of Food • Why was the potato grown in Europe? • Effects: • Overall • Irish • Why was sugar in demand in the 15th to 19th centuries? • How and where was the demand met? • Effects: • African • How have Western foods changed Japan?

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