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Electro-Thermal Analysis of Lithium Ion Batteries: Experimental and Numerical study

Electro-Thermal Analysis of Lithium Ion Batteries: Experimental and Numerical study. Gad A. Pinhasi. The Israeli Fuel Cell and Batteries Center (IFCBC) Conference 26 January 2011, Tel Aviv University. Outline. The Objective The Project Background Internal Resistance Heat Generation

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Electro-Thermal Analysis of Lithium Ion Batteries: Experimental and Numerical study

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  1. Electro-Thermal Analysis of Lithium Ion Batteries: Experimental and Numerical study Gad A. Pinhasi The Israeli Fuel Cell and Batteries Center (IFCBC) Conference 26 January 2011, Tel Aviv University

  2. Outline • The Objective • The Project • Background • Internal Resistance • Heat Generation • The Study • Experimental Setup • Calorimeter • Models • Lumped heat model • CFC model • Results • Cell • Battery • Pack 4 • Conclusions • Summery

  3. The Objective • Thermal Analysis and Design of a Large Battery Pack. • To evaluate the heat generation and temperature field under various electrical loads and design specifications. • Safety: Thermal Runaway • Max. Temperature restriction: • “Passive cooling” solutions

  4. The Project • Evaluation of Heat Generation: • Source term • Experimentally • Calculation of the Temperature Field • Numerically • Cell, Battery, Packs : 4, 92

  5. Cell, Battery and Packs

  6. Introduction • Evaluation of Heat Generation • Experimentally • Calculation of the temperature field • Numerically • Model Approaches • Thermal characterization • Battery Internal Resistance

  7. Model Approaches • Fundamental models • physical foundations principles • Transport Phenomena • Phenomenological models • Equivalent circuit models

  8. Thermal characterization • The heat produced due to: • Joule heat of the electrical resistance • Polarization heat • Reaction heat • initially exothermic during discharge • reversible

  9. Battery Internal Resistance • The cell voltage under load is : • Open circuit voltage • Internal Ohmic resistance • “Concentration polarization” • “Charge transfer polarization” • Methods for Determining the Internal Resistance • Ohm’s Law • Joule’s Law • AC Resistance • Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

  10. Internal Resistance Dependence • Temperature • Decreasing with Temperature • State of Charge (SoC) • State of Health (SoH) Yurkovich et al. (2009)

  11. Joule heat of the electrical resistance Open circuit voltage Internal Resistance and Heat Generation

  12. The Study: Experimental and Numerical

  13. Experimental Setup Liquid Bath Dewar: Calorimeter FLUKE: Data Acquisition Cell/ Battery/ Pack Charge/ Load Charge Load Temperature Data logger Silicone Fluid Dow Corning DC‑200/100 cSt

  14. Calorimeter: • Batch / Continuous Flow (SHC) Calorimeter Tw,out Tw,in Toil,in

  15. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Partial differential equations (PDEs) solvers: Fluid Mechanics Heat Transfer Mass Transfer (Diffusion) Chemical reactions COMSOL Multiphysics Batteries & Fuel Cells Module ANSYS CFX FLUENT ToolsNumerical Study:

  16. T T1 Cell T3 T2 q”’ 24 U3 q”’ U23 U12 Battery 91 The Lumped Model • Cells • Battery Medium • Pack Medium • Heat Transfer Mechanisms

  17. Results • Cell • Temperature history • Heat Generation and SOC • Battery • The Pack • Electrical resistance • Open-circuit voltage • Heat Generation

  18. Samsung 18650 • ICR18650-26C 2600m Li-ion 3.7v Battery • Brand :Samsung • Nominal voltage : 3.7V • Capacity: 2.6Ahr • Size 18mm x 65.0mm • Weight : 48g/pcs • Made in JAPAN

  19. Cell Heat Generation and SOC 2.6A 1A

  20. YT-600 4 Batteries 2791 4P Voltage: 16.8 Volts Capacity: 57.6Ahr Pack 4

  21. Current: 32A Temperature Battery inside Battery Gap Surrounding water Electrical voltage Electrical Power Heat Power Pack 4 zeros

  22. Experiment vs. Simulation Medium Effect: air/oil Pack 4: Simulation

  23. Experiment vs. Simulation • Points: • Battery inside • Battery Gap Experiment Simulation 0.6W/cell

  24. Experiment vs. Simple model • Points: • Battery inside • Battery Gap 0.6W/cell 24

  25. Oil Air Pack 4: Medium Effect: 32A100min Tmax: 51ºC Tmax: 96ºC

  26. Summary • The heat generation and temperature field for battery packs were evaluated theoretically and experimentally • Internal resistance of a cell was determined by current step methods and thermal loss methods. • Future Work: • Heat generation Correlation • Dynamic models • Fundamental models

  27. People • Dr. Gad Pinhasi • Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology • Dr. Alon Kuperman • Department of Electrical Engineering • Neria Roth • (M.Sc. Student) Experimental Study • Itshak Shtainbach • (M.Sc. Student) Numerical Study

  28. Acknowledgment The research is supported by the ISRAEL Ministry of Defense : MAFAT

  29. Roth, N., Shtainbach, T., Kuperman, A. and Pinhasi, G.A., "Electro-thermal Analysis of Lithium Ion Batteries: Experimental and Numerical study”, The 31st Israeli Conference on Mechanical Engineering - ICME 2010 , Dan Panorama Hotel, Tel-Aviv 2-3 June 2010. The 47th annual meeting of the IIChE, 2010. The Israeli Fuel Cell and Batteries Center (IFCBC) Conference, 2011 Conferences

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