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Stem Cells: Miracle Cure?

Learn about tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, biomaterials, and the potential of stem cells for medical advancements. Find out how tissue constructs can be used to replace damaged tissues and organs, and explore the ethical and practical implications of stem cell research.

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Stem Cells: Miracle Cure?

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  1. Stem Cells: Miracle Cure? Avionna Baldwin J. OnyiOradiegwu SAMS 2008

  2. Replacing diseased or injured tissues with tissue constructs designed and fabricated for the specific needs of each individual patient. A material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ or function in the body. What is Tissue Engineering/ Regenerative Medicine? What are Biomaterials?

  3. Still thousands die while waiting for a transplant, and thousands more aren’t even on the list. 400 bil: ½ of national health care bill goes to patients with organ failure, or tissue loss

  4. Five hottest jobs for the next millennium will be bioengineering/biomedical related. Tissue Engineering Hottest job for 21st Century

  5. No One Discipline Can Tackle the Problem Alone Lee Weiss, Carnegie Mellon

  6. Matrices Cells Healing Signaling Molecules Normal Wound Repair Requires a Balance of Processes The Basic Three Rs of Tissue Engineering Right Hormones Right ECM Right Cells

  7. Guided Tissue Repair If needed, harvest cells from patient. Growth factors Cells Biomimetic extracellular matrix Implant Culture Lee Weiss, Carnegie Mellon

  8. Principles of Tissue Engineering Cells ECM Defect Regeneration Blood Supply Hormones PhilCampbell, Carnegie Mellon

  9. What about the cells? Adult stem cellslook promisingfor some applicationsEmbryonic stem cellsgreat potential,controversialThe right hormones can induce these cells to become a variety of cell types

  10. A cell that is able to differentiate into many cell types is known as pluripotent • Can’t grow into a totally new indiv. Because they don’t make extraembryonic structures like placenta • A cell that is able to differentiate into all cell types is known as totipotent. • Can go full on into a new indiv. They can make a placenta • Amazing: plants are way easier to find totipotent cells in Beast boy can turn into any animal

  11. adipocyte muscle cell osteoblast hematopoetic/endothelial cells chondrocyte Adult Muscle- Derived Stem Cells (MDSCs) nerve cells/neurons/glial cells hepatocyte/urinary bladder cells Pancreatic islets??

  12. Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC’s) http://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/scireport/PDFs/Chapter8_final.pdf

  13. Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC’s) http://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/scireport/PDFs/Chapter8_final.pdf

  14. Modified Cell Stem Cell Induction or Derivation. http://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/scireport/PDFs/Chapter8_final.pdf

  15. http://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/scireport/PDFs/Chapter8_final.pdfhttp://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/scireport/PDFs/Chapter8_final.pdf

  16. Adult Stem Cell Derivation

  17. Stem Cell Differentiation Princeton University

  18. Stem Cell Cultivation University of Wisconsin-Madison

  19. Human Stem Cell Production

  20. Tissue origins • Embryonic cells present molecules on their membranes that aid in the early organizing process • Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

  21. You’ve got stem cells in you right now • Note: Progenitor cells: a term like stem cells, but less restrictive • Adults have stem cells in blood marrow. • They’re multipotent, but not pluripotent • Might have suffered ravages of time, sunlight, and toxins, that come with aging • There are also stem cells in umbilical cords • Embryonic stem cells = controversy Bo is like a pluripotent athlete.

  22. An Ultimate Vision for Regenerative Medicine: Complete Tissue Regeneration Spinal Cord Upper and Lower Jaw Retina and Lens Tail Heart Limb The Newt Adapted from Brockes From Dr. Susan Bryant, Univ. of Calif., Irvine Phil Campbell, Carnegie Mellon

  23. And lots of tissue engineering research looks very promising For example,tissue-engineered nerve guidesfor treatment of spinal cord injuries

  24. After induced put in the video and see the clip to implement the stem cell

  25. Medical Implants Millions of People in the US Have Medical Implants Associated with a $50 billion/year Medical Device Industry

  26. FDA approved products Infuse Bone Graft Bone morphogenetic protein-7, Osteogenic peptide-1 Regranex Carticel Transcyte Intergra Dermal Regeneration Template Dermagraft Apligraft Ortec

  27. Short form: Know the argument • Proponents • They’re from embryos that are slated for destruction anyway • Great potential for good • Superman was for it • Only for embryoes that were going to be discarded • Opponents • Destroys embryos • Devalues worth of human

  28. Hot research area: harvest embryonic stem cells without destroying the embryo.

  29. Proponents Argument in depth • Embryonic stem cells are more useful • Utilitarian • The benefits of stem cell research outweigh the cost in terms of embryonic "life“ • human potential vs humanity • The value of an embryo should not be placed on par with the value of a child or adult • Life starts with a heartbeat • Ends justify the means • Efficiency • If an embryo is going to be destroyed anyway, isn't it more efficient to make practical use of it? • In Vitro Fertilization makes thousands of unusable embryos

  30. Opponents arguments in depth • Embryos are lives • Life starts at conception • Note Roe v. Wade said life = viability, ability to survive outside of womb, medical advancements have pushed this back to 22 weeks. Could trend continue? • Exploring alternative therapeutic options • We’ve studied adult stem cells longer and have more therapies with them that with embryonic • The potential is overstated

  31. Legal Sweden Finland Belgium Greece the United Kingdom, Denmark Netherlands China Japan Korea Taiwan Israel Iran Illegal Germany Austria Ireland Italy Portugal. Most of middle east Africa, except S. Africa S. America, except Brazil

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