SOA Part1 Lecture 4

SOA Part1 Lecture 4 Dr. Withalm 3-Jan-20

Lectures at the University of Bratislava/Autumn 2017 03.10.2017 Lecture 1 The long Way from OO to SOA & WEB- Services 17.10.2017 Lecture 2 Semantic WEB & SOA-Technological Basis 14.11.2017 Lecture 3 SOA-Basing on J2EE & SOA-Focus on Business Processes 21.11.2017 Lecture 4 B2B Frameworks and related Standards 28.11.2017 Lecture 5 WEB 2.0 & GRID & Cloud Computing Dr.Withalm

Summary of lecture 3/1 • Both new business processes and new technologies • Are drivers of architecture change • Service bus facilitates • The co-operation of different applications • Which are themselves aggregated by services • In SOA you are only concerned with three parties • Service Provider, Service Requestor, Service Broker • Reuse is in the spotlight of SOA • Services are aggregated by other services • Orchestration & Choreography • Business components contain business services • Business processes are aggregated by different business services • Each business component has service interfaces • Technical service interface • Business service interface • Data entity • Service integration adapter Dr.Withalm

Summary of lecture 3/2 • Servlets are influenced by applets and CGI • Are provided by a class library • Are executed on the Web Server • Portlets provide a user interface • Which allows an end user to interact directly with the service • JSR 168 standard is available • Some obstacles should be taken into account • IT management of SOA is challenging • Many service level agreements must be concluded • Disputes between enterprises may arise • If services are highly profitable • Danger of system chaos exists • Millions of networked services are hardly comprehensible • Implications of SOA • i.e. different kinds of SW developers Dr.Withalm

Summary of lecture 3/3 • ARIS (ARchitecture of intergated Information Systems) • Not only an architecture but also a platform • For business process modeling • Especially applied in large companies in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland • ARIS business function (service) may directly mapped onto a SOA service • Most important elements for modeling a business process are: • Events, functions, resources, functional units, information objects, entitities, product/services,… • Event-control-event driven process chains • Showing the chronological – logical procedere of a business process • Each function has a start and end event Dr.Withalm

Summary of lecture 3/4 • Different event and function operators are: • AND, OR, XOR • A triggering event must not be linked using OR or XOR • Events have no decision making power • Function allocation diagrams are illustrating • the transformation of input data into output data • Information flow diagrams are used • To show the flow of data between functions • Are supported by special ARIS tools • Event diagrams show the structuring of events • Also organizations may be linked to events, functions, and data Dr.Withalm

Today’s Agenda • Overview of B2B Frameworks • Electronic Business XML (ebXML) • RosettaNet • Commerce XML (cXML) • OBI • BizTalk • ARIS & BizTalk • Example • bolero.net • tpaML • eCo architecture (CommerceNet) • XML Common Business Library (XCBL) • Universal Business Language (UBL) • Introduction: Collaborative Networked Organizations i.e. Supply Networks • Conclusions Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/1 • The first step towards this goal has already been taken in the past using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) concept. • However, the increasing use of Web protocols, such as HTTP, and the remarkable success of HTML • have favoured more flexible solutions, notably XML. • Hence, most B2B frameworks are built heavily on XML. • Typically a B2B framework is a XML-based and middleware-neutral document specification • though most of the B2B frameworks require the use of Internet and Web protocols • such as HTTP, SSL, and MIME. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/2 • Originally, B2B frameworks focused solely on developing vendor-independent specifications • for a set of documents to be exchanged between business partners. • Lately, the frameworks realised the need to coordinate the actions of different business partners • so that, business partners should definitely agree on the structure of documents they exchange • but they should also know when to exchange those documents • and how to articulate those external exchanges with their internal business processes. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/3 • As a result, B2B frameworks have begun focusing both on document format and on CBP’s (Cross organizational Business Processes) • that concern the exchange of those documents. • Some of these B2B frameworks specify the infrastructure required for business partners • to implement those exchanges. • In other words, some frameworks specify both message format and exchange sequence • and some specify the message format and an infrastructure • which allow business partners to define and implement their own interactions. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/4Electronic Business XML (ebXML)/1 • ebXML (Electronic Business XML) is a project to use the Extensible Markup Language (XML) • to standardise the secure exchange of business data. • It provides a modular suite of specifications • for standardising XML globally in order to facilitate trade between organisations • regardless of size. • The specification gives businesses a standard method to exchange XML-based business messages • conduct trading relationships • communicate data in common terms • define and register business processes. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/17RosettaNet/1 • The RosettaNet framework is one of the most comprehensive and successful B2B frameworks. • The RosettaNet framework, like ebXML framework, employs a top-down approach • requiring business partners to specify their business processes in detail • before defining the XML messages they will exchange. • RosettaNet includes a set of standards that aim at supporting information exchange • throughout the whole supply chain • particularly within the Information Technology, Electronic Components and Semiconductor Manufacturing industry sectors. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/18RosettaNet/2 • For this purpose, the RosettaNet framework defines a set of common dictionaries • that establish the properties to be used in business processes between supply chain partners. • These inter-enterprise business processes are called Partner Interface Processes (PIPs) more or less equivalent to CBP • which define the message exchange between partners. • The RosettaNet Implementation Framework specifies • the packaging, routing and transport details for these messages. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/25Commerce XML (cXML)/1 • Commerce XML (cXML) is a standard for the online exchange of business transaction information in common formats. • It defines the structure of purchase orders, order acknowledgements, and other core e-business documents. • cXML is a document type definition (DTD) based on XML tags • that defines fields for a specific type of document, like a purchase order. • The XML structure enables an application program to easily extract data • and deliver it to another application program. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/30OBI (Open Buying on the Internet) • Similarly to cXML, the purpose of the Open Buying on the Internet (OBI) specification • is to develop a common framework • to guide companies in implementing interoperable, Internet-based purchasing systems. • OBI focuses on high-volume and low-value transactions • that are believed to account for about 80% of most organisations’ purchasing activities. • The OBI framework is based on a particular model of business-to-business interaction, which entails a buying organisation • a requisitioner belonging to that buying organisation • a selling organisation • and a payment authority. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/31BizTalk • The BizTalk framework (MS), like cXML, specifies the message format that encloses documents • to be exchanged between applications at different sites. • At each site, BizTalk assumes that there is a server • which is able of producing and consuming messages • according to the specified format. • In addition, BizTalk suggests using particular protocols for communication between these servers. • This is referred to as transport bindings, i.e., the exchange of BizTalk messages • using certain transport protocols. • However, the BizTalk framework is independent of the implementation details of those protocols Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/1 • Borderline between business and IT department • ARIS for MS BizTalk supports both departments • Business employees are modeling their processes in the user friendly ARIS notion • Employees of IT Department are working in their common environment • In order to develop technical services out of the business ones • Two methods are provided to transform business process in technical executable ones Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/2Method 1 • In case of using EPC to model graphically the process flow • the process model may be enlarged by SOA relevant aspects • as calling of Web Services or I/O data • With help of an automatic model transformation • a technical BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) will be generated out of the EPC • which may be refined on request (i.e. copying of data) Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/3Method 2 • In case of preferencing the BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation) for modeling functionalities • Process flow and technical details (i.e. sending of messages, conditions for iterations ) may be modeled • By the modelTyp Business Process Diagram Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/4Visio Studio Project Generation/1 • As soon as a ready BPEL or BPMN – model is established • ARIS for MS- BizTalk generates automatically a visual studio project • which may be further refined by the respective IT department • that’s why the transformation/redesign of business processes is higly fastened • as the SW engineer must not orchestrate a BizTalk application from scratch • so only the generated visual studio project must be opened • without any retarding the established work of the business department continues • adding some technical details Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/5Visio Studio Project Generation/2 • finally the project is compiled, tested and on the respective BizTalk server installed • the close collaboration between the ARIS- SOA architect and the MS BizTalk environment • increases the productivity of IT department • and saves time and costs for implementation of processes Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/6Overview of usage and benefits • Fast and intuitive modeling of business processes in EPC and BPMN • BizTalk specific model validation ensures • that a BPEL and BPMN- model in a BizTalk orchestration is mapped successful • automatic transformation of EPC models to BPEL and furthermore • export of BPEL or BPMN as visual studio projects for BizTalk • optimal integration with ARIS process performance manager for continuous process monitoring Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/7 Solution Scenario Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/8Integration Overview Process Performance Manager Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/9Export of BPEL/BPMN as Visual Studio Project Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/10Process2Automation Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/11From BP Modeling to the Process Execution • ARIS for MS BizTalk enables enterprises a seamless integration • between business and technical business process modeling • after a BP is very fast and simple modeled with help of the ARIS SOA architect • automatically it will be exported as a MS Visual Studio project Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/12MS BizTalk Server/1 • Is worldwide one of the prevailing products in the area of EAI and workflows • It enables the integration of different back end systems • and is the core component in a SOA environment within an enterprise • Moreover MS BizTalk provides the possibility • to define technical business processes (so called orchestrations) • and providing them as consumable Web Services Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/13MS BizTalk Server/2 • the definition of an orchestration is usually executed by SW engineers • after the business department have established the design • in many cases a loss of information happens • which has bad consequences in the later process execution Dr.Withalm

ARIS & BizTalk/14Reference Project/1Description/1 • How do you get a passport in SK ? • What must be organized following the birth of a child? • Which office is responsible for which belonging? • What are the opening hours of your district office? • Citizens are thoughout life forced to spend hours of their valuable time seeking answers to these and many other questions Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/32Bolero.net/1 • Whereas the BizTalk framework can be implemented by acquiring and installing a BizTalk-compliant server for each site • bolero.net is a running system owned by an independent third-party. • Created as a joint effort of a transporter insurer (TT Club) and a financial community (SWIFT) • bolero.net allows trading parties to exchange contractual and fulfilment data online in a secure environment. • The bolero.net systems was designed to support trading processes and information exchange • between importers, exporters, freight forwarders, port authorities, • inspection agencies, carriers, ship agents, customs agencies, and financial institutions. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/33Bolero.net/2 • The system has two main components: • the Core Messaging Platform and the Title Registry. • The Core Messaging Platform allows those entities to securely exchange business documents through the Internet. • The purpose of the Title Registry is to record and transfer the rights and obligations • described in a bill of lading, which is a legal document • that contains information about the items or rights being transferred from one party to another. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/34tpaML/1 • Several B2B frameworks have realised the need to express agreements between business partners. • For example, cXML introduces the concept of master agreements • ebXML specifies how to build Collaboration Protocol Agreements (CPAs) • and RosettaNet has created a project to standardise Trading Partners Agreements (TPAs). • The tpaML language is the basis of a B2B framework • which focuses exclusively on executable trading partner agreements. • According to this framework • a trading partner agreement (TPA) is a document • that describes the terms and conditions for the interaction between two business partners. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/35 tpaML/2 • A set of several related interactions between any two parties is referred to as a conversation. • The main issue about executable TPAs is that they allow business partners at both ends • to automatically generate code • that will implement the interactions between them. • Executable TPAs are written with tpaML • an XML-based language that can be processed by a special-purpose code-generating tool. • Each party maintains complete independence from the other party • with respect to implementation details and internal business processes • because an executable TPA describes the interactions • that will take place between two parties. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/36eCo architecture(CommerceNet)/1 • The eCo architecture is not a concrete framework • but rather an abstract architecture for B2B frameworks. • The main purpose of the eCo architecture is to enable interoperability • between heterogeneous e-business systems • which may be based on different B2B frameworks. • The eCo architecture realises • that e-business system implementations vary widely and • instead of restricting them to a specific framework • the goal of eCo is to allow each enterprise to define and expose meta-data descriptions of its e-business system. • These meta-data descriptions allow interested parties • to understand the e-business system • and to configure their resources in order to interoperate with the system. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/37eCo architecture(CommerceNet)/2 • In essence, the eCo architecture specifies how to build an XML file • to be placed at the root of a Web site • describing the interoperability capabilities of the e-business system • available on that Web site. • Several queries can be performed in order to retrieve information about • the interoperability capabilities of the e-business system. • These HTTP queries are performed by submitting requests to different URIs. • All these requests, regardless of the URI they refer to • lead to responses that are based on information • contained in the eCo-compliant XML file. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/38XML Common Business Library (XCBL)/1 • The XML Common Business Library (xCBL) is a set of XML building blocks and a document framework • that allows the creation of robust, reusable, XML documents to facilitate global trading. • It essentially serves as the "mother code," providing one language • that all e-marketplace participants can understand. • This interoperability allows businesses everywhere to easily exchange documents • across multiple e-marketplaces • giving global access to buyers, suppliers, and providers of business services. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/39XML Common Business Library (XCBL)/2 • xCBL 3.0 provides a smooth migration path from EDI-based commerce • because of its origins in EDI semantics. • xCBL will be able to support all essential documents and transactions for global e-commerce • including multi-company supply chain automation, direct and indirect procurement • planning, auctions, and invoicing and payment in an international multi-currency environment. • xCBL is the result of extensive collaboration between Commerce One. and the leading XML standards bodies • e-commerce enterprises, and hardware and software vendors • as well as analysis of existing e-commerce standards • including Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), RosettaNet, and Open Buying on the Internet (OBI). • Industry leaders Compaq, Microsoft, SAPMarkets, and Sun Microsystems will leverage xCBL 3.0 • as a key standard in the development and delivery of business-to-business solutions. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/40Universal Business Language (UBL)/1 • The UBL initiative originated in efforts beginning in mid-1999 • to create a set of standard XML "office documents" within OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards). • UBL 1.0 was released as an OASIS Standard on 8 November 2004 • following three years of open development and public review. Dr.Withalm

B2B Frameworks and related standards/41Universal Business Language (UBL)/2 • UBL, the Universal Business Language, defines a royalty-free library of standard electronic XML business documents • such as purchase orders and invoices. • Developed in an open and accountable OASIS Technical Committee • with participation from a variety of industry data standards organisations • UBL is designed to plug directly into existing business, legal, auditing, and records management practices • eliminating the re-keying of data in existing fax- and paper-based supply chains • and providing an entry point into electronic commerce for small and medium-sized businesses. Dr.Withalm

Why B2B ? • Organizations have need to collaborate • Resource Sharing • Example ELGA in Health Care • Competence Sharing • Example Airbus Suppliers • Capacity Sharing • Example in large companies i.e. SW Development Dr.Withalm

ECOLEAD 1) Project funded by the European Community under the "Information Society Technology" Programme.Presented at ENTER’05 and ENTER’07 Preconditions for collaborations • Developed for companies, which are interested to join a collaborative network. • These reference models encompass • Checklists, templates, interfaces, tools, specifications, architectures, SW components and services. • These artifacts may be applied to facilitate the agreement concerning • Business strategies • Business models and above all • Business processes Dr.Withalm

SOA & The Need for Collaboration • SOA was the first paradigm in developing SW systems • which shifted away from technical to business concerns. • The conclusion of this matter • not start to implement business processes • but begin with considerations about Business Strategy (BS) and Business Models (BM). • The need to collaborate is very high in many domains • as for instance in automotive or transportation/travel • collaboration follows one of these forms • i.e. supply chain, collaborative networks, business ecosystems. Dr.Withalm

Different Kinds of Services • Primarily you must distinguish between Horizontal and Vertical Business Services. • Horizontal Services (as e.g. procurement) may be applied in many domains • Whereas Vertical Services are dedicated to a specific domain. • A further dimension of Business Services focusing on Collaboration/Interoperability issues are • Enterprise Collaboration (EC) Services which are mainly interested in • establishing guidelines, rules and tools to settle issues • how to agree on common business strategies (BS), common business models (BM) and the primary modeling of common business processes (BP). • Enterprise Interoperability (EI) Services. which focus on issues as how to • implement Cross organizational Business Processes (CBP) and their integration / synchronization with existing Private business Processes (PP) of the single members (of a CNO). • These kinds of services are the primary enabler of Collaborative Networked Organizations. • Web services on the other hand are the most important enabler for implementation of business services • whereas Semantic Web Services describe the context of the web service semantically. • basing on an agreed/standardized ontology • Note that the establishment and especially the agreement of ontology is a troublesome task. Dr.Withalm

Corresponding EU Projects with Siemens Participation • ECOLEAD • Focus on EC Issues • ATHENA • Focus on EI Issues • COIN • Synopsis of EC and EI • Semantic annotation of these services • which will enable- mid term- the semi automatic discovering and composition of services • Quality of semantic web services will be evaluated • a well proven and accepted approach will be pursued • the ECMM (Enterprise Collaboration Maturity Model) assessment adapted to EC/EI services Dr.Withalm

Measuring the Success of Semantic Web Services • Process Areas must be defined wich are positively contributing to your business • i.e. your BS, BM, and BP must ultimately drive to positive company results • very postive results concerning process areas to meet common BS and BM were accomplished by ECOLEAD • wheras both ATHENA and ECOLEAD added such results concerning BP • Process Areas require specific attributes of Semantic Web Services • the better ontology meets the business requirements of a specific domain • the higher the maturity level of such an organization (organizations) will be. • in the specific goals of the process areas such issues must be introduced • how many attempts you need to find the right web service • in the meaning of successful web service • in the sense of success for your business. Dr.Withalm

Definitions concerning the different kinds of Enterprise Collaboration • A field of activity with the aim to support Networked Enterprises to do business together through ICT • Focus on core competencies • Expose proper views of internal competencies • Discover collaborative business opportunities • Look for complementary competencies by accessing others’ views • First Issue: competencies • Ability to apply skills/capabilities to a business situation • Human vs. Enterprise Competencies • Networked Enterprise Competencies • Competencies assessment, management and governance • Competencies alignment and semantic reconciliation • Second Issue: business opportunity • Generation and/or Discovery • Modelling and Characterisation (demand modelling) • Structuring and planning • Matching with competencies • Scheduling, enactment, BO management Dr.Withalm

C1. Enterprise Collaboration in Supply Chains • First Issue: competencies • OEM determines the SC competencies • Almost Static H/E Models • Identification OEM-Network • Human periodical assessments • Aligned by construction • Second Issue: business opportunity • OEM generates BOs for the SC • Top-down modelling • Top-down structuring and planning • Full scale competencies visibility • Centralised enactement and management Dr.Withalm

C2. Enterprise collaboration in CNO • First Issue: competencies • Service Center (VBE) as a competencies collector • More dynamic H/E Models • Specific VBE competencies • Autonomous assessments + inheritance + trust mgmt • Manual Alignment process • Second Issue: business opportunity • Crawlers to discover market BOs • Top-down modelling • Top-down structuring and planning • Negotiation for scheduling (different views and visibility rights) • Centralised enactement and management Dr.Withalm

C3. Enterprise Collaboration in Business Ecosystems • First Issue: competencies • P2P competencies system • Fully dynamic H/E Models • Specific BE competencies • Peer assessment, Web 2.0 • Intelligent Alignment process (Agents) • Second Issue: business opportunity • BO Miners to discover internally-generated BOs • Top-down bottom-up modelling • Participative and collaborative structuring and planning • Semantic spaces for demand-offer • P2P enactement and management Dr.Withalm

SOA Part1 Lecture 4