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Bull Breeding Soundness Evaluation. Thanks to Dr. Rod Christmas. Objectives. Breeding Soundness Evaluation Components Physical Exam/Conformation Faults External and Internal Genital Exam Semen Exam Classification. Indications . Pre-Breeding Pre-Purchase Post-Purchase If any questions.
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Bull Breeding Soundness Evaluation Thanks to Dr. Rod Christmas
Objectives Breeding Soundness Evaluation Components • Physical Exam/Conformation Faults • External and Internal Genital Exam • Semen Exam • Classification
Indications • Pre-Breeding • Pre-Purchase • Post-Purchase • If any questions
Medical History • Vaccinations • Previous Health Information
Management History • Feed • Previous Use • Breeding Behavior • Penis during Breeding
Rear Limb conformation • Locomotion--Critical. • Sickle Hocked • Cow Hocked • Post Legged • Crooked Legs/Feet
Musculoskeletal disease • Joints • Laminitis • Scars around coronary band • Interdigital growths • Footrot • Hoof Cracks
Visual Exam of Scrotum • Scrotal Conformation • Evidence of Injury • Skin Lesions
Palpation • Ensure There Are Two • Free & Moveable • Tone • Symmetry • Epididymis
Scrotal Circumference • Indicates Fertility & Puberty • Ensure Both Testicles are In Scrotum • Cradle Scrotal Neck • Place Tape at Largest Diameter • Pull until Skin Indents
Breed listing of 205 day scrotal circumference need to produce an average yearling scrotal circumference of 32 cm Adapted for Geske, J.M.,et.al:Proceeding annual Meeting, Beef Improvement Federation (1994):225-231.
Internal Reproductive Organ Exam • Seminal Vesicles • Ampulla • Prostate Gland • Penis (internal portion) • Inguinal Rings
Importance of Rectal Exam • Pathology of Internal Reproductive Organs • Stimulation
Methods of Collection • Manual Massage • Artificial Vagina • Electroejaculation
External Exam of Penis & Prepuce • Incomplete Extension • Frenulum • Hair Rings • Fibropapillomas (Warts) • Prolapse of Prepuce • Lacerations • Adhesions
Semen Evaluation Morphology • Determined at 1000X • Eosin-nigrosin stain • 70% Normal
Classification of Bulls • Satisfactory Potential Breeder • Deferred • Unsatisfactory Potential Breeder
Additional Testing • Trichomonas Cultures • Brucellosis • Pelvic Measurement • Hip Height • Carcass Ultrasound
Trichomoniasis • Diagnosis: • Smear - detect high numbers • Culture - In-Pouch® - culture or transport • Bulls better to culture - serial cultures from bulls
Economics of Testing • 10-20% of All Bulls Tested will Fail the Examination • 10% of Bulls that Pass will have Substandard Fertility Compared to Others -Pass the Standards, but have Inherent Infertility