1 / 16

A little History

A little History. Psychology 3717. History is almost the coolest discipline around. Well besides psychology…. 19 th century Wilhelm Wundt Didn’t really study memory But he started experimental psychology Sensation / perception Elemental processes. Ebbinghaus.

albina
Download Presentation

A little History

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. A little History Psychology 3717

  2. History is almost the coolest discipline around • Well besides psychology…. • 19th century • Wilhelm Wundt • Didn’t really study memory • But he started experimental psychology • Sensation / perception • Elemental processes

  3. Ebbinghaus • Well, these were all great ideas, but had not been tested. • Cue Hermann Ebbinghaus • Strangely, both the behaviourists and the cognitive types claim him as their own • Nonsense syllables

  4. Ebbinghaus • Studied himself • Found savings • Repetition was key • Classic forgetting curve • Contiguity • Reversal was detrimental, so it was not just contiguity but also contingency

  5. More on ebby • Also found interference • Found the magic 7 • Figured out that chunking would happen • Massed vs. distributed practice • Not bad for a career eh! • But some dispute his importance • They are idiots….

  6. William James • Stream of consciousness • Thought is personal • Thought is changing • Thought is continuous • Thought deals with objects independent of itself • It is interested in some things and not others

  7. Bill was smart • Talked about primary and secondary memory • Talked about memory without awareness • Got lots of stuff wrong but again, not bad eh

  8. Alfred Binet • Developed the first real intelligence test • Was interested in application in a classroom context so he used more naturalistic stimuli • Free recall • Found serial position effect • Looked at errors, early, acoustic, later, semantic

  9. Another smarty pants • Found the importance effect with prose memory • Found that phrases remembered better than single words • First to find the importance of gist • See again, not so bad eh

  10. Early 20th century • The eclipse of cognition (at least in North America) • Introspection if fine done Wundt’s way • Trained observers • Very simple events • People working with Titchener too it too far • You can’t prove or disprove data from my introspections, you are not me

  11. Behaviourism • Watson • Interested only in the observable • Consciousness cannot be observed • Then, neither can memory • S-R • Basically became all of what psychology was for a long time, well into the 1950s

  12. Some resisted • The Gestalt psychologists • Didn’t like the reductionism of the behaviourists • Bartlett was a Brit that fought the good fight • Talked about construction

  13. Cognitive Revolution • Psychology started started to outgrow behaviourism • Personality (style) • Motivation (dissonance) • Linguistics • Information theory

  14. The revolutionaries become the establishment • Atkinson Shiffrin model • Brenda Milner and HM • So there was a model and there was physiological evidence too, pretty much all sewn up

  15. Today • By the 1970s memory was studied all over the world • Tulving • Craik • Lockhart • Slamecka • MacLeod • Moscovitz • Schacter • Jacoby • Roediger • Squire • Loftus

More Related