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The Foot

The Foot . Bones Joint Muscles Artery & Nerves. Superficial veins. Great s aphenous vein. Small saphenous vein. A rteries. Ant. Tibial. Dorsalis pedis artery. Ant. Tibial. Post. Tibial. Medial plantar Crosses over the two tendons long flexor Lateral plantar

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The Foot

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  1. The Foot • Bones • Joint • Muscles • Artery & Nerves

  2. Superficial veins

  3. Greatsaphenous vein

  4. Small saphenousvein

  5. Arteries

  6. Ant. Tibial Dorsalispedis artery

  7. Ant. Tibial

  8. Post. Tibial • Medial plantar • Crosses over the two tendons long flexor • Lateral plantar • Deep to flexor digitorum brevis

  9. Nerves

  10. Fibular n.

  11. Common plantar digital n. Medial plantar n. • Flexor digitorum brevis • Flexor hallucis brevis • Abductor hallucis

  12. Lateral plantar n. • Flexor accessories • Abductor digitiminimi • Interosseous muscles (deep brunch) • Adductor hallucis(deep brunch) • Flexor digitiminimibrevis(sup. brunch)

  13. Surface anatomy of lower limb

  14. Ankle and footmedial and lateral malleolus

  15. Tarsal tunnel

  16. Tendons

  17. Dorsalispedis a.

  18. Plantar arch

  19. Normal Knee – Anterior, Extended

  20. Surface Anatomy - Anterior, Extended Patella Indented Hollow

  21. Normal Knee – Anterior, Flexed

  22. Surface Anatomy - Anterior, Flexed Patella Tibial Tuberosity Head Of Fibula

  23. Palpation – Anterior* Patella: Lateral and Medial Patellar Facets Superior And Inferior Patellar Facets Medial Fat Pat Lateral Fat Pad Patellar Tendon**

  24. Surface Anatomy - Medial Patella Tibial Tuberosity Medial Femoral Condyle Joint Line Medial Tibial Condyle

  25. Palpation - Medial Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)* Pes anserine bursa** Medial joint line

  26. Surface Anatomy – Lateral Patella Quadriceps Tibial Tuberosity Head Of Fibula

  27. Common fibular nerve

  28. Injury to the common peroneal nerve • The common fibular nerve may be severed during fracture of the fibula neck. • Results in paralysis of all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg. • The loss of eversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the ankle causes foot-drop. • Foot-drop: the foot drops and the toes drag of the floor when walking.

  29. Poplitealfossa

  30. PNS Throughout Life • Dermatome – an area of skin • Innervated by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve • Embryonic muscles migrate to new locations • Some skin dermatomes become displaced • Muscles and skin always retain their original nerve supply

  31. Posterior Anterior Map of Dermatomes

  32. Innervation of the Skin: Dermatomes • Upper limb – skin is supplied by nerves of the brachial plexus • Lower limb: Lumbar nerves – anterior surface Sacral nerves – posterior surface

  33. Elsie (L.3 ) is trying to rescue her clumsy man Slim (SI) from a septic tank(SciaTIC nerve), using a rope and a balloon. He has some GLUe (nerves to GLUteus muscles) on his leg. She is pregnant· is FEMale (FEMoral nerve) and has an OBstetric condition (OBturator nerve).

  34. lumbar disc herniation

  35. lumbar disc herniation

  36. Lower limb dermatomes • L1 Dermatome:over trochanter and groin • L2 Dermatome:front of thigh to knee • L3 Dermatome:upper buttock, anterior thigh and knee, medial lower leg • L4 Dermatome:lateral Buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe • L5 Dermatome:Buttock, posterior and lateral thigh, lateral aspect of leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole, first, second, and third toes • S1 Dermatome: Buttock, thigh, and posterior leg • S2 Dermatome: Buttock, thigh, and posterior leg • S3 Dermatome: Groin, medial thigh to knee • S4 Dermatome: Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum

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