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Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.

Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S. John Muir The Romantic-Transcendental Preservation Ethic. George Perkins Marsh. Gifford Pinchot The Resource Conservation Ethic . Possible Values of Nature. Instrumental value – a thing is valuable because it is useful to humans

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Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.

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  1. Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.

  2. John MuirThe Romantic-Transcendental Preservation Ethic

  3. George Perkins Marsh

  4. Gifford PinchotThe Resource Conservation Ethic

  5. Possible Values of Nature • Instrumental value – a thing is valuable because it is useful to humans • Intrinsic value – a thing is valuable in and of itself – valuable because it exists

  6. Aldo Leopold the Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic

  7. Aldo Leopold on horseback in Arizona – rider on left

  8. Aldo And Dog At the Shack

  9. The First Oakies at the Shack

  10. Biodiversity Biodiversity – the diversity of life in all its forms and at all levels of organization. Word first used in print by E.O. Wilson 1986

  11. Biodiversity At all levels of organization – usually three: • Species Diversity • Genetic Diversity • Ecosystem Diversity

  12. Northern Elephant Seal

  13. Southern Elephant Seal - Antarctica

  14. Corn and southern leaf blight

  15. Corn and southern leaf blight

  16. Traditional Peruvian potato varieties

  17. Terrestrial World Biomes

  18. Measuring Biodiversity • When discussing biodiversity, most people talk about species diversity which has two components: • Species richness - # of species • Species evenness (heterogeneity) – proportion of individuals in each species

  19. A B C D Community 1 A: 25% B: 25% C: 25% D: 25% Community 2 A: 80% B: 5% C: 5% D: 10% A comparison of species diversity in two communities

  20. Global Plant Biodiversity a. Plant species per Ecoregion b. Areas of highest diversity per region c. Quality of data

  21. With Biodiversity We Must Consider: • Risk of extinction of species • Endemism – endemic species are found in a particular geographic area

  22. Endemism – Gray Wolf vs. Coyote

  23. Local Endemic - Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat

  24. Home of Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat

  25. Kirtland’s warbler

  26. Red-winged blackbird

  27. Whittaker’s Diversity • alpha diversity is diversity within a habitat - such as a jack-pine forest • beta diversity is diversity among habitats, usually measured as change from one habitat to another - such as a jack-pine forest and nearby marsh • gamma diversity is diversity at a large geographic scale - perhaps all of Michigan or North America

  28. Species Diversity

  29. What is a Species? Atelopus frog discovered in Suriname, June 2007

  30. The Biological Species Concept Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. - Ernst Mayr Mayr on right –in New Guinea 1928

  31. Brown or Grizzly Bear – Ursus arctos

  32. Black Bear – Ursus americanus

  33. Gray wolf – Canis lupus

  34. Coyote – Canis latrans

  35. Red wolf – Canis rufus

  36. Helianthus - sunflowers

  37. Oak Leaves

  38. Leaves of Oak Hybrid

  39. Hawthorns - Crataegus

  40. Hawthorns

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