Introduction to Industrial Hygiene

1. Introduction to Industrial Hygiene

2. History of Industrial Hygiene • 370 BC – Hippocrates identifies lead poisoning in miners and metallurgists. • 50 AD – Pliny the Elder identified use of animal bladders intended to prevent inhalation of dust and lead fume. • 1556 – Georgius Agricola – describes diseases and accidents associated with mining, smelting, and refining. • 1567 – Paracelsus – described respiratory diseases among miners. • 1700 – Bernardino Ramazzini – published “De Morbis Artificum Diatriba” (Diseases of Workers)

3. History of Industrial Hygiene • 1775 – Percival Pott described scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps in England. Led to Chimney Sweeps Act of 1788. • 1830 – Charles Thackrah publishes first book on occupational diseases in England. • 1919 – Alice Hamilton writes “Exploring the Dangerous Trades”. • 1936 – Walsh Healy Act requires companies supplying the government to maintain a safe and healthy work environment. • 1939 – AIHA formed. • 1960 – First CIHs (18) recognized by ABIH • 1970 – OSH Act formed OSHA

4. Recognition, evaluation, and control of environmental factors which may cause sickness or impaired health among workers Environmental Factors Chemical Biological Physical Ergonomic Industrial Hygiene

5. Physical Hazards Health Hazards Particulates Dusts Fumes Mists Fibers Gases Vapors Oxygen Deficiency Combinations of above Chemical Hazards

6. Bacteria Brucellosis, legionella, tuberculosis Viruses Hepatitis B HIV Mold Allergens Dander Latex Biological Hazards

7. Temperature Noise Vibration Electromagnetic radiation Ionizing radiation Non-ionizing radiation Physical Hazards

8. Interaction between people and their work environment Adapt the job to fit the person Primary risk factors Lifting Twisting Bending Pushing, pulling Awkward postures Repetitive motions Ergonomics

9. Recognition Evaluation Control Industrial Hygiene

10. Visible dust or fume clouds Odors Symptoms Irritation of skin or eyes Headache Difficulty breathing Difficulty hearing Chemical inventory Knowledge of the industry Recognition of Potential Health Hazards

11. Recognition – Chemical Inventory

12. Recognition- Visible

13. Recognition - Ergonomics

14. Evaluation - Screening • Screening techniques • Detector tubes & badges • Sound level meters • Particle counters • Radiation survey meters • Area or personal samples Sound Level Meter Detector Tubes

15. Evaluation – Detector Tubes & Badges Draeger Gas Detector Tubes Toxic Gas Detector System 3M Organic Vapor Passive Air Monitoring Badge MSA Kwik-Draw Pump

16. Evaluation – Full Shift • Full Shift Instruments • Air sampling pumps (1) • Electronic data loggers (2) • Badge dosimeters (chemical & radiation)(3) • Noise dosimeters (4) (3) (1) (4) (2)

17. Hierarchy of Controls • Engineering Controls • Administrative (work practice) Controls • Personal Protective Equipment

18. Engineering Controls • Elimination • Substitution • Process modification • Enclosure or containment or operation or worker • Ventilation

19. Administrative Controls • Changes in work procedures to reduce the duration, frequency, and severity of exposure to hazardous chemicals or situations. • Written safety policies • Rules • Training • Supervision • Job rotation

20. Personal Protective Equipment • Last line of defense • Must be properly selected, used, & maintained • Gloves, safety glasses, respirators, safety shoes, protective clothing

21. Summary Recognition, evaluation, and control of environmental factors which may cause sickness or impaired health among workers.