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MAC Layer Algorithms for PON and Hybrid PON Access Networks

MAC Layer Algorithms for PON and Hybrid PON Access Networks. PhD Comprehensive Exam: March 5 th , 2014 Anu Mercian Committee Members: Martin Reisslein (Chair) Michael McGarry Cihan Tepedelenlioglu Yanchao Zhang. Agenda. Introduction Passive Optical Networks

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MAC Layer Algorithms for PON and Hybrid PON Access Networks

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  1. MAC Layer Algorithms for PON and Hybrid PON Access Networks PhD Comprehensive Exam: March 5th , 2014 Anu Mercian Committee Members: Martin Reisslein (Chair) Michael McGarry CihanTepedelenlioglu Yanchao Zhang

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Passive Optical Networks • Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) • Extension-DBA: Multi-thread Polling • Remote Message Scheduling • Roadmap to Dissertation • PON-DSL • PON-Wireless or FiWi (Fiber-Wireless) • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Basic PON structure: • EPON IEEE 802.3ah (1Gbps), IEEE 802.3av (10Gbps) • GPON ITU-T G.984, ITU-T G.987 ONU splitter OLT ONU 0-5Km 0-15Km ONU

  4. PON Analysis • Importance of PON MAC Layer Analysis: Upstream Traffic Modeling • What changes can we bring in and where: Central Office for effective DBA. Other functions can be Routing, Load Balancing, Controllability • PON Cycle: REPORT and GRANT

  5. DBAs and their importance • Grant Scheduling Framework: Offline and Online. • Grant Sizing Framework: Gated, Limited, Excess • Grant scheduling Policy: SPD Offline Scheduling Online Scheduling

  6. Long-Reach PON • Long range PON, advantageous - Multi- thread polling[1]. The original technique was based on “Offline” and we introduced a complementary DBA for LRPON, called Online MTP with much lower delay. ONU splitter OLT ONU 90-100Km ONU [1] HuanSong; Byoung-Whi Kim; Mukherjee, B., "Multi-thread polling: a dynamic bandwidth distribution scheme in long-reach PON,"  Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , vol.27, no.2, pp.134,142, February 2009

  7. Extensive Analysis of MTP* • Offline MTP[1] : Multi-thread polling with stop • OLT waits end of each thread for REPORTs from all ONUs. • Therefore, Interleaving the RTT for LRPON. • Online MTP : Mutli-thread polling with online scheduling framework. • OLT processes each bandwidth request immediately. Avoids 2г waiting time • Achieves much lower delay than MTP Offline • Average Delay and Channel Idle time analysis • Implementation of Online Excess Bandwidth Distribution (OEBD) • MTP Extension to GPON * AnuMercian, Michael P. McGarry, and M. Reisslein. Offline and Online Multi-Thread Polling in Long-Reach PONs: A Critical Evaluation, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(12):2018-2028, June 2013. 

  8. MTP Offline & Online

  9. Quantitative Analysis Difference of MTP On and MTP Off Online Excess Bandwidth

  10. Thread Tuning: To balance the threads from one thread monopolizing the cycle bandwidth Idle time Evaluation

  11. Simulation Set-up • IEEE 802.3ah, REPORT and GRANT – 64 Bytes, tg = 1us • ITU-T G.984, DBRu and BW Maps – 4 Bytes every 125us, tg = 30ns • Capacity (C) = 1Gbps • Self-similar packet generation, Long-tail distribution with Hurst parameter 0.75 • Quad Mode packet distribution – 60% 64 bytes, 4% 300 bytes, 11% 580 bytes, 25% 1518 bytes, CSIM based C Simulator for EPONSIM

  12. Online Excess Algorithm Bounded excess pool Online Excess: Pool size

  13. Simulation Results STP off. Exc and MTP off Average Delay for Z=2ms Average Delay for Z=4ms MTP offl. and STP off. exc MTP Offline and MTP online Average Delay for Z=8ms STP on lim and MTP off.

  14. Observation Parameters for Z=4ms Average Cycle Time (Z) Average Grant Duration (G) Average Idle Time (I) Avg cycle time of STP off. Exc Gated are slightly higher. Grant size of MTP off > Grant size of MTP on Idle time for MTP off & on are same

  15. GPON Results • Delay slightly higher only for Z=2ms, but the delay performance is very similar to EPON. • Higher delay is because of static periodic signaling of bandwidth requests and upstream transmission window in GPON frame. Average Delay for Z=2ms

  16. MTP Online Conclusions • MTP online reduces channel idle time compared to MTP offline • Offline MTP gives lower delay than offline STP but not online STP for LRPON. • MTP online, STP online excess and DPP excess gives somewhat similar and lowest delay performance. • For Z = 8ms, DPP and STP online excess will be sufficient so that the extra overhead and complexity of MTP Online can be avoided.

  17. PON Control Messages • For EPON (IEEE 802.3ah, IEEE 802.3av) – Standard has 64 bytes Control messages are GRANT and REPORT. • (IEEE) No specific scheduling of Control Messages. • GRANT (OLT  ONU) • REPORT (ONU  OLT) • For XGPON (ITU-T G.984 and ITU-T G.987) – Control message sent every 125us of (4 Bytes) • Control Messages are sent at the beginning of Upstream TX. • T-CONT (Transmission Container) (OLT  ONU) • DBRu (Dynamic Bandwidth Rate Upstream) (ONU  OLT) • Literature considers REPORT sent only at the end of upstream transmission mostly.

  18. Report Message Scheduling# • RMS can be done in three different ways: • 1. Sent at the beginning of payload transmission – scheduling decision can be taken and grant sent before the packet upstream transmission • 2. Sent at the endof payload transmission– can report newly arrived packets in-between packet upstream transmission • 3. Dynamic Optimization of RMS: (Offline Scheduling Framework) – Report sent at the end for O-1 ONUs and sent at the beginning for the Oth ONU. #Anu Mercian, Michael P. McGarry, Martin Reisslein. Impact of Report Message Scheduling (RMS) in 1G/10G EPON and GPON,  Optical Switching and Networking, 12:1-13, April 2014.

  19. Quantitative Analysis

  20. Time instant of end of arrival of upstream transmission: Now, we can say that scheduling instant (γ) for beginning is always less or equal to end:

  21. Idle time evaluation:

  22. Dynamic RMS Scheduling • Effect of Number of ONUs – Lesser number of ONUs, more effect of “Report in the beginning” vs“Report in the end” • Dynamic RMS and Report in the beginning give very similar performance.

  23. Simulation Results Z=4ms Similar simulation set-up as earlier. S Off gat Z=8ms Average Delay for Z=2ms S off. lim and S off. exc DPP STP on. Lim and exc MTP on.

  24. Average Idle Time (I) Z=2ms Z=4ms Z=8ms

  25. Average Delay for Z = 4ms for xGPON Average Idle Time for Z = 4ms for xGPON

  26. Average Delay for C=10Gbps Channel Z=2ms Z=4ms Z=8ms

  27. Average Idle Time for C=10Gbps Channel Z=2ms Z=4ms Z=8ms

  28. Average Delay for C=10Gbps Z = 4ms for xGPON Average Channel Idle Time for C=10Gbps Z = 4ms for xGPON

  29. Conclusions to RMS • Report in the beginning lower delay for Offline framework • 10Gbps performance analysis • Analysis for xGPON • Online STP and MTP and DPP – The RMS is not a problem.

  30. Publications • Anu Mercian, Michael P. McGarry, Martin Reisslein. Impact of Report Message Scheduling (RMS) in 1G/10G EPON and GPON, Optical Switching and Networking, 12:1-13, April 2014. • Impact of Report Message Scheduling (RMS) in 1G/10G EPON and GPON (Extended Version)A Mercian, MP McGarry, M Reisslein - arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.0994, 2013 • Anu Mercian, Michael P. McGarry, and M. Reisslein. Offline and Online Multi-Thread Polling in Long-Reach PONs: A Critical Evaluation, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(12):2018-2028, June 2013. • Offline and Online Multi-Thread Polling in Long-Reach Pons: A Critical Evaluation (Extended Version)A Mercian, M McGarry, M Reisslein - Arizona State University, Tech. Rep., Feb, 2013

  31. Roadmap to Dissertation • Hybrid PONAccess Networks • Compatibility with transmission medium such as Copper Cables and Wireless. • Therefore, extended research of PON in tandem with DSL and Wireless

  32. PON DSL • PON back-haul networks with existent DSL cables would reduce additional installation costs • FTTdp – Fiber to the drop point • Drop point – ONU-DSL Unit that bridges copper and fiber transmissions. ONU Drop point splitter OLT ONU Drop Point 0-5Km Short Range or Long Range ONU Drop Point

  33. Flow Control to PON-DSL • Current Ethernet standard for Flow Control – PAUSE frame [3] M.P. McGarry, Y. Luo, and E. Gurrola "On the Reduction of ONU Upstream Buffering for PON/xDSL Hybrid Access Networks",IEEE Global Communications Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, December 9-13, 2013

  34. DBA based Flow Control • A recent flow control technique introduced: GATED Flow Control [3] • The OLT decides the polling of the DSL-CPE • Advantages: • Reduced packet loss, • Lowers ONU Buffering thus reduced costs, • stable delay performance, • reduced delay performance for LRPON • Future directions: DSL Overhead is higher than PON, thus there is Grant sizing problems and differential grant sizing

  35. PON-Wireless or FiWi WLAN ONU GW splitter 200 m OLT ONU GW 0-5Km 0-10Km ONU

  36. Configuration • ONUs [1-4] Wireless Traffic • ONUs [5-8] Wired Traffic

  37. PON DBA with FiWi • Motivation: Net Utility of ONU connected to WLAN < Maximum Utility of WLAN (IEEE 802.11g) – 54Mbps • Thus, (ONU-WiFi) ЄUnderloaded ONUs • Unused bandwidth of ONU-WiFi can be used for Overloaded ONUs with wired Traffic. • Therefore, DBAs like Excess Bandwidth Division will be very useful for FiWi Architecture.

  38. Concluding notes • MTP online, excess – on average the best performing DBA • Remote Message Scheduling – Our optimum scheme (Report in the end for O-1 ONUs and report in the beginning for Oth ONU for Offline techniques) • PON-DSL Flow Control and grant sizing issues • PON-Wireless – DBA for better BW utilization

  39. Publications & References • [1] Huan Song; Byoung-Whi Kim; Mukherjee, B., "Multi-thread polling: a dynamic bandwidth distribution scheme in long-reach PON," Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , vol.27, no.2, pp.134,142, February 2009 • [2] Michael P. McGarry and Martin Reisslein. Investigation of the DBA Algorithm Design Space for EPONs, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology 30(14):2271-2280, July 2012. • [3] M.P. McGarry, Y. Luo, and E. Gurrola "On the Reduction of ONU Upstream Buffering for PON/xDSL Hybrid Access Networks",IEEEGlobal Communications Conference,Atlanta, Georgia, December 9-13, 2013

  40. THANK YOU Prof. Martin Reisslein Dr. Michael McGarry Dr. CihanTepedelenlioglu Dr. Yanchao Zhang My sister, Anju Lab mates: Yousef, Revak, Xing, Po, Ziyad Friends: Chris, Rushil and Suhas Thank you for taking time to attend my Comprehensive

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