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Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror. Goals and Objectives:. Upon completion students should be able to: Explain how the National Assembly changed France’s government. Summarize the positions of the three factions that tried to govern France.

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Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

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  1. Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

  2. Goals and Objectives: Upon completion students should be able to: • Explain how the National Assembly changed France’s government. • Summarize the positions of the three factions that tried to govern France. • Explain how war and the king’s execution affected the Revolution. • Describe the events and the aftermath of the Reign of Terror.

  3. The Assembly Reforms France The Rights of Man • National Assembly adopts Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • Revolutionary leaders use the slogan, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

  4. The Assembly Reforms France continued A State Controlled Church • National Assembly seizes church lands, turns clergy into public officials • This action alarms many peasants, who are devout Catholics

  5. Louis Tries to Escape • Louis, worried about his future, attempts to escape France • Revolutionaries catch the royal family near Netherlands border

  6. Divisions Develop Factions Split France • Major problems, including debt, food shortages remain • Assembly splits into Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives

  7. Factions Split France continued • Émigrés-nobles who flee country, want Old Regime back in power • Sans-culottes-lower class who want more change from the Revolution

  8. Problems with Other Countries • Austrian and Prussians want Louis in charge of France • France declares war

  9. France at War • Prussian forces soon threaten to attack Paris • Parisian mob jails royal family, kills guard • Mob breaks into prisons, killing over 1,000, including many who support king

  10. France At War continued • Pressured by mob, Legislative Assembly deposes the king and then dissolves • National Convention takes office in September, forming French republic

  11. Jacobins Take Control • Jacobins-radical political organization behind 1792 governmental changes • After a close vote, Louis XVI is found guilty of treason and beheaded • Guillotine-machine designed during the Revolution to behead people

  12. Guillotine • The main tool used during the reign of terror in order to execute many. • Was actually invented to be a more humane method of imposing capital punishment.

  13. The War Continues • French army wins great victory against Prussians and Austrians • In 1793 Britain, Spain, Holland join forces against France • National Convention orders draft of 300,000 to reinforce army

  14. The Reign of Terror

  15. Divided Country • Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution • Many believed the changes were too radical and led to anarchy.

  16. Robespierre Assumes Control • Maximilien Robespierre-Jacobin leader rules France for a year • Becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety, a dictator

  17. Reign of Terror • Reign of Terror-Robespierre’s rule, which includes killing many opponents • Thousands die during the Terror, including former allies and Marie Antoinette • 85% of those who die during the terror are middle or lower class

  18. End of the Terror • In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed • Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals

  19. Execution of Maximilien-Marie-Isidore Robespierre on July 27, 1794.

  20. End of the Terror continued • Moderate leaders write new constitution • Two-house legislature and five man directory restore order • New government makes Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies

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