Hypertext:Travelling through countries

1. Hypertext:Travelling through countries • Introduction • We looked for articles on British and American civilization on newspapers ,books and computers. Then we selected subjects ,drawings ,songs, maps to create our “hypertext “,moreover we compared some aspects of these two countries to Italy. • Finally we summarized and wrote on our computers what we learned about these two countries. • Who? Students of the third years of “ Scuola media Via Visca” • What? Hypertext “Travelling through countries” • Why ? Because we wanted to have a different approach with the second language and plan a project • When? In April and in May • How ? Using the computer as means to create our final product. The U.K. The U.S.A. ITALY 1-The national anthem+flag 2-Map U.K 3-U.K. geography 4-The British government 5-Queen Elizabeth 6-Primer Blair 7-London 8-History 9-Festivities 10-The house Windsor+Genealogical 1-The national anthem+flag 2-Map of the U.S.A. 3-The U.S.A. geography 4- the American Government 5- The president Bush 6- The presidents 7- New York 8- The statue of liberty 9- Ten steps of American history 10- Festivities in the U.S.A. 1-The national anthem+flag 2- The Italian Flag 3- Italy 4- The president Ciampi 5- The prime minister Berlusconi 6- Nettuno 7- Rome Bibliography and sitography HOT WORDS

2. THANKSGIVING DAY Thanksgiving Day, one of the most important American holiday, celebrates major historical event. Thanksgiving was first celebrate in 1621 and is the oldest holiday in the U.S. One year after the Pilgrim Fathers had arrived from England they wanted to give thanks to God: they had survived the terrible journey to the New World and a terrible winter, and they had harvested the first crop. So they prepared a large dinner; the neighbouring Indian tribes joined in the festivities. Today thanksgiving takes place each year on the fourth Thursday in November. Schools, offices and shops are closed for a four–day weekend. It is a family Holiday: families go to church and have a large dinner. It is not complete without roast turkey with chestnut stuffing and pumpkin pie.

3. INDIPENDENCE DAY The United States celebrates its birthday on July 4th. On that Day in 1776 the country was declared independent from Britain and so the new nation was born. Today July 4th is a national holiday and people organise barbeques at home or picnics, they march in parade, sing songs, light bonfires and watch the spectacular firework displays which take place all over the country.

4. New York New York The word's leading attraction is the cultural and financial capital of the United States (the capital of the U.S. is Washington), and it has got a population of 9 million people. Informally called by New Yorkers "The Big Apple ", its streets almost have no names, just numbers. It is built on the Hudson River and exetends over five boroughs, connected to each other by long bridges and by the biggest underground system in the world.They are :Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens and Staten Island. Manhattan, the most important of the five is the heart of the city with its renowned attraction: 1-The statue of liberty,placed in New York harbor 2-The empire State building (433 meters)one of the tallest in the world along with the World Trade Center with is gigantic Twin Towers; 3-Central park, (843 mtrs.Wide) the lumg of NYC, 4-Broadway the strets of theatres and sow-businesand the mithical fifth avenue ,maybe the most fashionable and expensive street in the world; 5-The United Nations building,the world's diplomatic centre; 6-Times Square the entertainment centre of the city. The only New York borough on the mainland is Bronx.It houses a zoological and botanical garden.Brooklyn and Queens are situated on long island, and are linked to Manhattan by the Brookln Bridge, opened in 1883.Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by Verrazzano Bridge , the longest suspension bridge in the world (4,260 feet long).

5. MY TOWN NETTUNO I live in Nettuno, a nice town on the sea. It is 60 km. far from Rome and is situated in Lazio, in the centre of Italy. It has about 40000 inhabitants (Rome is the capital of Italy but also countytown). Netuno is a tourist town and during the summer a lot of people spend their holidays here. There are a lot of beaches where tourists can sunbathe, swim and also relax. Nettuno is an old town with a medioeval centre which is very interesting to visit. There is also and old castle called Sangallo castle, in which some plays are performed during the summer. Sometimes there are art and photographic exhibitions that show Nettuno both in the past and in the present day . One of these exhibitions on permenent display illustrates Nettuno’s key role in the events of the Second World War. During the Second World War the American allies landed in Nettuno to free Italians from the German occupying army in 1944. Later American allies tought baseball to Italian young people who in a short time became the most famous Italian baseball team winning a lot of Championships. .

8. ROME “All roads lead to Rome”: so goes an old saying in praise of the importance of a city which claimed for itself the title of “caput mundi” and, whatever road the visitor has taken to reach it, he can be sure that he has the opportunity to admire and study an historical, artistic, and monumental heritage of universal value. Even after the fall of the Roman Empire, Rome should preserve its role as a source of civilizationand as a cultural and moral centre of the world by becoming the Capital of Christianity and the Apostolic Seat of the Successor of Peter. It was due to the Papacy that the city revived during the Renaissance period and expressed a cultural and artistic activity which it had not had since the days of antiquity. The new splendour of Rome found its great expression in the building of the new Basilica of St.Peter and the complex of Vatican Palaces with her masterpieces by Bramante, Raphael and Michelangelo which represent some of the greatest artistic achievements of all time. The city of Rome is thus the witness “ par excellence “ to the millennial history of the West. The Vatican City is an independent state whose sovereign head is the Pope, Bishop of Rome and Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church.

9. THE HOUSE OF WINDSOR  Queen Victoria was followed by her son Edward VII and then by George V who changed the name of the royal family from Hanover into a more English name, Windsor. His son, Edward VIII, abdicated and the crown passed to his brother George VI, who was King duringthe Second World War. At his death (1952), Queen Elizabeth II ascended the throne. She is the present Queen of England. GEORGE VI 1895 - 1952 QUEEN ELIZABETH II 1926 Princess Margaret 1930 Charles, Prince of Wales 1948 Anne, Princess Royal 1950 Andrew. Duke of York 1960 Edward, Earl of Wessex 1964 David, Viscount Liniey 1961 Lady Sarah 1964 Samuel Chatto 1996 Arthur Chatto 1999 Peter Philips 1977 Zara Philips 1981 Prince William of Wales 1982 Prince Henry of Wales 1984 Princess Beatrice of York 1988 Princess Eugenie of York 1990

11. The United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (BRITAIN) is a union of four countries, namely: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Britain consists of a group of island off the western coast of Europe. The largest, Great Britain, is made up of three countries:England, Scotland and Wales. Ireland to the west consists of the Irish Republic and the British province of Northern Ireland in the north-east. The country is low-lying- in the east of England with mountains in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The Pennine chain forms a bridge down Northern England. The Cambrian Mountains stretch across north-west Wales with Mt Showdown rising to 1,085 m. Northern Ireland has the sparring Antrim and Maurine Mountains. Scotland has almost 300 peaks over 913 m, and Been Nevis in the Grampian range rises to 1,343. The Scottish islands of the Orkneys and Shetlands in the north and Hebrides in the north-west are mountains and form islands chains. Britain's is well watered navigable rivers including the Thames , Seven,Jersey and tine.There are many lakes especially in the north-west and in Scotland and northern Ireland. ENGLAND: England is the largest and the richest country of the United kingdom.The land is mostly flat or adulating and there are upland areas in the north and in Devon and Cornwall in the south-west. The most densely populated areas are in London and the south-east the industrial cities incest Yorkshire the north west and the Mast Midlands. Although England is highly industrialized and densely populated there are still many unsealed areas of great natural beautiful. There are many national parks, forests, history buildings and gardens safari and wild life parks. The capital of England is London. LONDON: 1:Buckingham palace is the official London residence of the Queen. When we see the royal flag flying over it, we know that the Queen is at home. 2:Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. This building stands on the north bank of the Thames. It is the palace where the House of Lords and the House of Commons meet to discuss and pass laws. When Parliament is sitting Jack flies over the tower . Big Ben is the bell in the clock tower next to the Houses of Parliament. Big Ben was the nick name of Benjamin Hall a minister , who was a very tall man. Big Ben is the most famous clock in the world and it is the landmark of London. 3:The Tower of London and Tower Bridge. This is the old Norman fortess built by William the Conqueror . It was used as a residence, then as a prison and now it is a museum. 4:Westminster Abbey is a one of the oldest buildings in London .Royal weddings and coronations take palace here.

12. HALLOWEEN 31st October is Halloween. This pagan festival celebrates the return of the souls of the dead who come back to visit places were they used to live. In the evening there are lots of Halloween parties, or fancy dress parties. People dress up as witches, ghosts, devils, cats, bats or anything scary. Houses are decorated with pumpkins with candles put inside. Some children follow the American custom called trick or treat. They knock at your house and ask, “trick or treat?”. If you give them some money or some sweets they go away. Otherwise, they play a trick on you, like squirting water in your face.

13. Guy Fawkes Night Every November 5th, from 1605, children make bonfires and life-size models of Guy Fawkes with old clothes, newspapers and straw. Further more children ask passerby for money that will be spent in fireworks. They also roast potatoes in the hot ash of the bonfires.this festivity dates back to 1605 when a catholic man called Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament and was executed. Now many English people ask for the abolition of Guy Fawkes Night as many accidents happen and a lot of children go to hospital for burns.

14. CHRISTMAS IN BRITAIN Christmas is an important holiday, maybe the most important of the year. It is an important family festival well. Like most people in the world, the British too generally, like to spend this day together with their relatives, at home, all sitting around a richly laid table, having a fabulous and delicious Christmas dinner, drinking and speaking in a merry, quiet, serene atmosphere. Lots of Christmas cards wishing” Merry Christmas“ are posted. The houses are decorated with Christmas trees and festoons; with colour lights and holly too, and-why not?-with cribs for the Catholics, because we must not forget the real meaning and spiritual value of such a day. The traditional Christmas dinner generally consists in roast stuffed turkey, mince pie, vegetables, Christmas pudding and other cakes.

15. St. Valentine's Day St. Valentine’s Day is a very old tradition originated in Roman times. The Romans believed that birds chose their mates on 14th February. On that day Roman girl wrote their names on slips of paper and put them into a large jar. Roman boys then took a slip from the jar and read the name of their sweetheart. A legend says that Valentine was a Roman who helped the Christians at the time of the persecutions. He was captured and when he was in prison he fell in love with the jailer’s daughter. He wrote her love notes and he signed them“ From your Valentine”. He was put to death on 14th February. On this day in Britain people exchange cards, chocolates, flowers with those they love. It is an occasion when people send love messages and can ask a direct questions: “will you be my Valentine (boyfriend / girlfriend)?”. But the cards are not signed and so it is part of the fun to discover who has sent them!

16. EASTER The word Easter is of Saxon origin and means spring. Before they became Christians, the Saxons celebrated a festival to mark the re-birth of nature, and after they were converted, they gave the name of Easter to the feast of the Resurrection of Our Lord. Good Friday is a public holiday, and most people celebrate it as a day of mourning. In many towns, it has become the customs of Catholics, Anglicans and Protestants to go through the streets in procession together, in memory of Our Lord's journey from Jerusalem to Calvary. On Good Friday, usually, for breakfast, English people eat special cakes, marked with a cross on the top. These cakes are usually served hot, so they are called "Hot Cross Buns". On Easter Sunday, people give Easter eggs to the children. The egg symbolizes new life and hope. As Easter comes in spring, most English people like to go into the country or to the seaside.

17. QUEEN ELIZABETH II  The present English sovereign  Her most Excellent Majesty, “Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith”, was born in London on 21st April 1926. She married H.R. (His Royal Height) Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1947 and succeeded to the Throne on 6th February 1952. She is the fourth sovereign of the House of Windsor and has a most interesting family tree which goes back to a remote period in the history of the four nations which form the British Isles and has blood ties with nearly all the Royal Families of Europe. Actually she is a direct descendant of William the Conqueror (1066-1087). Both the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh descended from Astrid, the sister of the mighty King Canute; all the members of the Royal House of Denmark enriched the Royal Family, with Viking blood.

18. The statue of Liberty The statue of Liberty is a huge copper statue which France gave to the U.S.A. as a present and a tokenof friendship. It was given on occasion of the first centenary of the American Iindependence, in 1866. It was built by Architect Bartholdi and is 46 metres high, on a base of 25 metres. It is situated in New York harbor, on Bedloe Island which acts as a lighthouse. The Statue of Liberty has a very smart restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal and admire the magnificent view.

19. London, a city for all season ”When man is tired of London is tired of life” Britain’ s Capital London is the capital of Britain, the chief city of the British Commonwealth, and one of the largest cities in the world. The area known as Greater London, the great urban complex with some nine million inhabitants, is not a town, but rather a country. London stands on both banks of the River Thames and when the tide rises, large ocean liners and cargo ships can sail up the river, sometimes passing under Tower Bridge right in the centre of the city. The City, the London of Roman times, is the oldest part of the town. It is the centre around which the great capital as important Bank of England, the most important bank in the world; the Mansion House, where the Lord Mayor of London lives: St. Paul’ s Cathedral, the most famous church in London: and the Tower of London, in its day a fortress, a royal residence, and a prison. It may interest you to know that the City of London – Great Britain’s financial and commercial centre, is not part of Greater London. Jealous of its ancient privileges it has preferred to maintain its own separate identity. But London is the heart of Britain. Here you can visit Buckingham Palace, the official London home of the British sovereign; Westminster Abbey, the most beautiful Gothic church in London; the Palace of Westminster, generally known as the Houses of Parliament, and many other places of interest.

20. President George W. Bush George W. Bush is the 43rd President of the United States. Formerly the 46Th Governor of the State of Texas, President Bush has earned a reputation as a conservative who shapes policy based on the principles of limited government, personal responsibility, strong families and local control. President Bush was born on July 6th , 1946. He grew up in Midland and Houston, Texas. He married Laura Welch Bush, a teacher, they have two twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna. Vice President Richard Cheney Throughout his years of service, Vice President Cheney has served with duty, honour, and unwavering leadership, gaining him the respect of the American people during trying military times.

21. Democratic Party It is the oldest party. It is the party which wants to help poor people and for whom it asks an economic and social help from the State. In 1828 Andrew Jackson ,was the first Democratic Party president to be elected . The symbol of the Democratic Party is the donkey.  (Conservative Party)  It is the party of the “richest” and it is tied to tradition. Normally, the Republicans are against an help by the state towards the poor and the minorities . The Grand Old Party which obtained first presidency was Abhram Lincoln who was elected in 1860. It has for symbol an elephant.  In the U.S.A. people elect and decide who will be the President. Until 1832 in the U.S:A. there are two parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party and people vote in every state. Grand old party

22. 10 Steps in American History The founding of the U.S.A. On November 11, 1620 a hundred people know as the Pilgrim Fathers came from England to Massachusetts on board of the Mayflower. They were Puritans. Their Survivors celebrated that day on the first Thanksgiving in Oct.1621. Declaration of independence In 1764 England imposed a series of special taxes and duties on colonies, and July 4 1776 a committee of five members including Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson drew up a declaration of independence. The Start of Revolution The American War of Independence began in 1775 and ended in 1783. After some battles, the Americans won a victory at Saratoga in 1777 and the house of Commons in England, voted the and of the war. The Constitution Peace was signed in 1783 and after the negotiations were over the American Constitution, the first written one in the world, was drawn up and adopted by all 13 states on June 25, 1788. Its basic principle “All men are created equal ”. The pioneers In 1789 George Washington was elected the first President of the U.S.A. The capital was New York . Pioneers pushed to the west, set to Oregon, and the famous Gold Rush brought them to California. American’s melting pot The expansions was marked by conflicts with the Redskins. In 1861 a foyer-year civil war broke out between North and South because of Negro slavery. The North won and President Lincoln declared the slaves free. Great American Inventors America became the land of opportunities for inventors like Edison (lamp), Morse (radio alphabet), Bell (phone), the Wrights (plane), Fulton (steamboat), Ford (factory robot), and many others. Women’s right to vote Until 1920 women were not allowed to vote. A group of women including Betsy Ross, Susan Anthony and Julia Howe fought for an amendment in the Constitution (19th ) to allow all women in America voting right How a Bill becomes a Law A proposal (Bill) is brought to the Congress to be debated and voted. If he refuses (Veto) the process has to start again until it receives the President’s approval and becomes a Law.

23. PRIME MINISTER

24. THE AMERICAN PRESIDENTS Franklin D. Roosvelt (1932****) Harry S.Truman(1948*) Dwigt D.Eisenhower(1952**) John Fitzgerald Kennedy(1960*) Lindon B. Johnson(1964*) Richard M.Nixon (1968**) Jimmy Carter(1976*) Ronald Wilson Reagan(1980**) George Bush(1988*) Bill Clinton(1992**) George W. Bush(2000*)

25. British Government The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland, usually referred to as the U.K., is politically a limited Monarchy. This means that while the head of the state is a hereditary Sovereign, his or her powers are strictly limited and he or she is subject to law.In practice the Sovereign acts on the advice of his or her minister, while the only body with power to make laws is Parliament.In other words, the British Sovereign reigns but does not rule. The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. She was crowned in Westminster Abbey on 2nd June, 1953. At the date of Her accession she was twenty-six -Prince Charles (known as the Prince of Wales) heir to the throne -Princess Anne -Prince Andrew -Prince Edward The Queen's birthday is officially celebrated on a Saturday early in June, when the traditional ceremony of Trooping the colour is held on the Horse guards parade inLondon.

26. ITALY Italy is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea. It is surrounded by the Sea on three sides. Italy also includes the two big isles of Sicily and Sardinia and some smaller isles . There are twenty regions in Italy. Some of them also have a name in English: Piedmont, Lombardy, Tuscany, Apulia, Sicily and Sardinia Italians speak Italian , though they have different languages and dialects. Italy is a republic and the present Head of State is Carlo Azelio Ciampi. C:A:Ciampi was born in Livorno in 1920 and had a degree in Italian Literature in 1941 and a degree in law at the University of Pisa in 1946. In 1960 he was manager of “The Bank of Italy .In 1994 he was Prime Minister.. He had various jobs of international importance. As Minister of Treasury, Ciampi permitted the participation of Italy to the European coin (Euro). On May 13th , 1999 he was elected the 10th President of the Italian Republic.

27. ANAGEOF CHANGES In the 18th century England was transformed into an industrial country by the Industrial Revolution. The development of the railways, of the roads and of the canals (artificial watercourse) made transports easier. The population increased and many problems arose. Poor men, women and children worked in the factories for 15/16 hours a day and their life was very difficult. They lived in small houses, many were homeless and slept in great markets or under the railway bridges without eating. Women and children also worked in mines. Their was a very hard work so many of them died. Progress meant also poverty and exploitation. VICTORIANAGE  In 1837 Queen Victoria ascended the throne. She was only 18 but her reign was the longest and one of the most prosperous in British history. She ruled the country until 1901 and she was a great Queen, loved by the population. In this period England ruled many parts of the world. Victorian England enjoyed prosperity and welfare. In fact Victoria bettered the conditions of the workers in the factories, bettered elementary education, the working condition of women and children and, finally, she also solved some religious problems. When she died in 1901, the whole England felt as it had lost a mother. She had been one of the most beloved of English monarchs.

28. The States The great republic of the U.S. is a federal union of 50 states and the District of Columbia(D.C.)which is the seat of the Government.The first step to unity was the declaration of independence of 1776 when the original 13 British colonies proclaimed their independence from Great Britain. Little by little these states became and the constitution was published in 1789. From then until now the number of states increased to the Present fifty. You must not think that these states are like Italian regions or English counties. Each one is really one, is really an independent country with its elected governor (president) and congress (parliament). They are joined together in a federation that is represented by the American flag. So each American is subject to two governments, that of his state and that of the U.S is Washington D.C Which is not a state but a territory directly controlled by the federal government. Washington D.C.  The national capital of the U.S. is Washington. The Members of Congress could not agree on the choice of the place for the capital city. after much discussion, it was finally decided that the capital should occupy an independent area. The place chosen for the Federal Government was named Washington, by George Washington, the district of Columbia, by Christopher Columbus. The nation’s capital was planned by Pierre l’Enfant, a French artist and architect who had fought in the revolutionary War. Situated on the Potomac River, Washington is today one of the most beautiful American cities. It is a modern City with about one million inhabitants, long wide avenues, gardens and beautiful parks. As the capital of the U.S. Washington attracts many tourists. The chief centres of interest are: -The white house, the president’s residence; the Capitol, the seat of the American Congress.

29. The Constitution The united states of American is a federal Union of fifty states and the district of Columbia Federal Government resides in Washington D.C., which is the capital of the nation . The Government of the U.S. is based on the Constitution, a short document written about 200 years ago.The Constitution of the United States provides for three equal and independent branches ( the congress), the executive branch (the president), and the judicial branch (the supreme court).   The President The President of the U.S.A. is the head of the states, head of the government and commander in-chief of the armed forces. As chief executive, he Carries out the decision made by congress, he may originate legislation which must then be approved by congress, in time of emergency and in foreign affairs he can alt on his own. A number of secretaries, each in charge of a department, assist the president in the administration of the national, the best known of these is the secretary of state, who deals whit foreign affairs. Congress  The American congress, like most parliaments, consists of two houses: the senate and the house of representatives. The senate consist 100 senators, two from each state, senators are elected for a term of six years, the senate is president over by the vice-president of the U.S... The members of the house of representatives are elected every two years, the number of representatives for each state is in proportion to the number of electors. The house of representatives is president over by the speaker. Congress meets in the capitol, in Washington, D.C., and its main function is to make laws which become effective after the president’s approval. A FAMOUS KENNEDY SENETENCE

30. A FAMOUS KENNEDY SENETENCE "....MY FELLOW AMERICANS ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU - ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOU COUNTRY."

31. the U.S.A. The united states of America is the fourth largest country in the world after the ex U.S.S.R. , Canada and china occupies an area nearly as large as the whole of Europe: 2,575 kilometres from north to south and 4,500 kilometres from east to west. Its vast territory offers an enormous variety of climate, landscape and the natural resources. The union is made up of states. The United states has several mountains chains, Rocky Mountains, in the east, the Appalachian Mountains. The highest mountain in North America is Mount McKinley in Alaska; but the highest peak in continental United States is Mount Whitney in the state California. Mount Mitchell is the highest peak in the east. Between the Appalachian in the east and the Rockies in the west is a vast fertile plane of more then a million square miles formed by the valley of the Mississippi and the its tributaries. The Mississippi is the principal rivers in the United States. It rises in the state of Minnesota and flows about 2,400 miles south to the Gulf of Mexico. Another important river, which also flows into the Gulf of Mexico, is the Rio Grande. The Mississippi and its many tributaries drain en area equal to two-thirds of the whole country. This great central plain (often called “the Central Basin” ) is not only the centre of American agriculture but also the side of some of the country’s great industrial cities. Other well-Known American cities are located on the Pacific Coast. The two great rivers of the pacific side are the Colorado in the in the south and the Columbia which rises in Canada and drains the north. Most of the country’s great lakes are situated in the northern region, along the Canadian border. They are : Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario. The United States in winters are often severe in the northern region with temperatures is very cold, to south is very worn. The United States has a temperatures and comparatively mild climate. The Grand Canyon is the most spectacular example of water erosion in the world. The Colorado river which is one of the greatest river system in the United States. Animal life in the Grand Canyon region includes about 70 species of mammals, 250 species of birds, 25 reptiles and 5 amphibians. Many hundred India villages have been discovered in the canyon: Five Indian tribes live in the region today. The first white man to see the Grand Canyon was a Spanish explorer, Garcia Lopez de Gardena, who discovered it in 1540.

32. THE ITALIAN FLAG It was born in 1797 in Reggio Emilia with the colours green, white and red. This flag is inspired to the French model flag. In the Italian Kingdom it symbolized people and freedom. On June 2nd 1946 the Italian flag symbolized the Italian Republic. THE NATIONAL ANTHEM Well known as Mameli’s Anthem was written in 1847 by Goffredo Mameli. Giuseppe Verdi chose this anthem to symbolize our Country. Later on October 12th 1946 it became the National Anthem of the Italian Republic.

33. Prime Minister Blair Tony Blair is the British Prime Minister. In 1997 the Labour party won the election and Blair, who is the leader of the party, was appointed Prime minister by the Queen and formed a Government: the government, called “cabinet”, is made up by ministers chosen from the members of Parliament (both the House of Lords and the House of Commons) by the Prime Minister.

34. The Union Jack The flag of Wales was not used when the Union Jack was designed The Welsh flag is green and white, and as a red dragon in the centre. While it is evident that the flag was called “ Union” to symbolize the unity of the nation, historians Do not agree on the origin of the name “Jack”: some say it is the nickname of King James 1 who in 1603 united the crowns of England and Scotland others say it is called so because the flag was often seen flaying on the “jack staff” ( a tall pole) of ships to show their nationality The cross of St George the patron saint of England The crossof St Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland The cross of St Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland The union Jack

35. the american flag

37. Bibliography Carla Rho Fiorina “Around and about Britain and the States” ed.Principato R.D’Anna Dinatolo Marcarelli “Whoopee again” ed.Fratelli Ferraro M.Cammameri L.Freeman “Life in Britain and the United States” ed.Morano Quotidiano per ragazzi Erasmo ed. Emme effe srl. Editoriale Charta Sitography An encharta Encyclopedia Article titled “ Labour Party” (United Kingdom) The White House Email Updates “President G:Bush” Presidenza della Repubblica www. Quirinale .it Presidenza della Repubblica C:.Ciampi “biografia”.