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Black History

Little Rock Nine. Black History. Who are they. A group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.

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Black History

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  1. Little Rock Nine Black History

  2. Who are they • A group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. • Originally prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor OrvalFaubus, and then attended after intervention from President Eisenhower.

  3. Brown v. Board of Education • The U.S. Supreme Court issued this decision on May 17, 1954. • The decision declared all laws establishing segregated schools to be unconstitutional. • The NAACP was the organization responsible for registering black students in previously all-white schools throughout the South.

  4. Who is Linda Brown? • Linda Brown was the young girl that started Brown v. Board of Education. • The issue was whether Linda could attend a local, all-white school. • Linda had to walk over twenty blocks to get to her school in Topeka even though there was a local school just down the road.

  5. Little Rock, Arkansas • Little Rock agreed to comply with the court’s ruling. • The Superintendent of Schools submitted a plan of gradual integration to the school board. • The plan would be implemented on September 1957.

  6. National Guard blockade • Several segregationist councils threatened to hold protests at Central High and physically block the black students from entering the school. • Governor OrvalFaubus deployed the Arkansas National Guard to support the segregationists on September 4, 1957. • This move made national headlines and polarized the nation.

  7. Quote • “They moved closer and closer…Somebody started yelling…I tried to see a friendly face somewhere in the crowd-someone who maybe could help. I looked into the face of an old woman and it seemed a kind face, but when I looked at her again, she spat on me.” • -Elizabeth Eckford (one of the nine).

  8. Armed escort • Woodrow Nilson Mann, the Mayor of Little Rock, asked President Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce integration and protect the nine students. On September 24, the President ordered the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army to Little Rock and federalized the entire 10,000 member Arkansas National Guard, taking it out of the hands of Faubus.

  9. The school year • By the end of September 1957, the nine were admitted into Little Rock Central High under the protection of the U.S. Army, but they were still subjected to a year of physical and verbal abuse.

  10. Student problems • Many of the students were spat on and called names. • Melba Pattillo had acid thrown into her eyes and recalls an incident in which a group of white girls trapped her in a stall in the girls’ bathroom and attempted to burn her alive.

  11. Picture says 1000 words

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