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Krivit Compilation of All Data From SRI Experiment M4: Individual and Merged Layers By Steven B. Krivit Senior Editor, New Energy Times Jan. 2010.
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Krivit Compilation of All Data From SRI Experiment M4:Individual and Merged Layers By Steven B. Krivit Senior Editor, New Energy Times Jan. 2010
SRI experiment “M4” is described in detail in EPRI report TR-107843-V1* in pages 3-158 through 3-229. These pages include three groups of information: 1. Step-by-step explanation of what happened during the experiment. 2. An hour-by-hour presentation of the data that was taken. 3. A discussion and conclusion section. To make it easier to follow each set of information, I have compiled the pages into respective groups of excerpts, as shown on the M4 index page. The available data in the EPRI report includes: time, current density, loading ratio, pressure, power and current. In the EPRI report, each of these data sets spans several pages. For this reason, as well as for the fact that the data is unprocessed, it is difficult to follow. I created a time scale from 0 to 1700 hours — the bulk of the run — to display all data, contiguously on a single page. In doing so, some additional metadata became apparent as well such as the progression of D/Pd loading peaks and the effect of current ramps. Slides 12 and 13 are not self-explanatory. For these, I direct readers to the text and slides of my report “The Emergence of an Incoherent Explanation for D-D ‘Cold Fusion.’“ I present in slides 14 and 15, all layers of each data set compiled into a single merged image. For most readers, these too, will require additional study of other documents.I am providing the original slides rather than a PDF file. This will allow interested readers to both scrutinize the data more easily, as well as to make other combinations to learn more about this important experiment. * Development of Energy Production Systems from Heat Produced in Deuterated Metals - Energy Production Processes in Deuterated Metals, Volume 1, TR-107843-V1, Thomas Passell (Project Manager,) Michael McKubre, Steven Crouch-Baker, A. Huaser, N. Jevtic, S.I. Smedley, Francis Tanzella, M. Williams, S. Wing (Principal Investigators,) B. Bush, F. McMohon, M. Srinivasan, A. Wark, D. Warren (Non-SRI Contributors,) June 1998
EPRI/SRI M4 – 5 Current Ramps During Experiment Ramp3 Ramp4 Ramp5 ● ● ● Ramp1 .98/560h .98/978h .98/1292h ● .956/210h Ramp2 ● .390/670h .032/504h .032/860h ● ● ● .016/308h ● .032/1172h ● 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0CurrentDensityA/cm2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h > ●
EPRI/SRI M4 – D/Pd Loading Ratio vs. Time 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 LoadingD/Pd ◆ .929/1580h ◆ .918/1184h ◆ .898/872h ◆ .89/1376h ◆ .880/524h ◆ .867/360h ◆ ◆ .86/669h .867/504h ◆ .857/264h ◆ ◆ .85/1314h ◆ ◆ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
EPRI/SRI M4 – Progression of D/Pd Loading Peaks vs. Time 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 MaxLoadingD/Pd 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
EPRI/SRI M4 – Time Periods of Electrochemical Variations 400h 740h 758-800h 308h 1000h 1054h 1077h 1336-1362h 1408-1701h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
EPRI/SRI M4 – Excess Power (Watts) vs. Time 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 Pxs Watts Burst 2 ■ .340W/562h 2.5 D Duration Burst 3 .225W/668h 2.5 D Duration ■ Burst 1 ■ ■ .07W/264h6 D Duration ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Begin 6161hEnd 669h Begin 530hEnd 592h ■ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
EPRI/SRI M4 – Excess Energy (Joules) vs. Time 76m heat burst: Occurred between 1336-1362Temp. Rise:45°C - 57°C Exs Unknown:Calorimetry off during this time Exs 82 +/-27 kJ464h-669h Exs 17 +/-18 kJ220h-306h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
EPRI/SRI M4 – Excess Power and Energy vs. Time 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 Pxs Watts 76m heat burst: Occurred between 1336-1362Temp. Rise:45°C - 57°C Exs Unknown:Calorimetry off during this time Burst 2 ■ .340W/562h 2.5 D Duration Burst 3 .225W/668h 2.5 D Duration ■ Exs 82 +/-27 kJ464h-669h Exs 17 +/-18 kJ220h-306h Burst 1 ■ ■ .07W/264h6 D Duration ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Begin 6161hEnd 669h Begin 530hEnd 592h ■ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
EPRI/SRI M4 – Helium Samples vs. Time 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Helium Concentration (ppm) ▲ 2.077/1407h ▲ 1.556/669h 1.661/810h ▲ S4 S2 S1 Cell purged, refilled with pure D2 ▲ 0.340/1172h ▲ ▲ S3 AssumedStarting Value 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
EPRI/SRI M4 – Helium Samples and Excess Energy vs. Time 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 76m heat burst: Occurred between 1336-1362Temp. Rise:45°C - 57°C Exs Unknown:Calorimetry off during this time Exs 82 +/-27 kJ464h-669h Exs 17 +/-18 kJ220h-306h Helium Concentration (ppm) ▲ 2.077/1407h ▲ 1.556/669h 1.661/810h ▲ S4 S2 S1 Cell purged, refilled with pure D2 ▲ 0.340/1172h ▲ ▲ S3 AssumedStarting Value 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h >
Differences in Reported 4He in 1998 vs. 2004 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Legend ▲M Measured values of sampled helium concentration (ppm) ▼E 100% of predicted 4He ppm if from “cold fusion” (1998) 100% of predicted 4He ppm if from “cold fusion” (2004) PredictionBasis 1. The product of 4He concentration (less the starting value) and the cell gas volume provides quantity of total helium atoms present.2. Ratio of total helium atoms produced to sum of energy from heat bursts 2 and 3 provides energy (eV) per 4He atom. Notes 1. This value accounts for 4He loss from Sample 1. 2. Cell purged and refilled with pure D2. 3. Text of 2004 paper states prediction is 104%, however, based on 2004 graph, value would actually be 84%. 4. 1998 paper states this assumption. Helium Concentration (ppm) ▲ 2.077/1407h ▲ 1.556/669h 1.661/810h ▲ S4M S2M S1M “Cathode Heating and Composition Cycling” (2004) Cell purged, refilled with pure D2 ▲ 0.340/1172h ▲ ▲ S3M AssumedStarting Value 4 ▲ ▼ ▼ S1E 21 days between end of Pxs and sample 3 10 days between sample 3 and 4 ▼ S2E ▼ S3E 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours
“Exercising” the M4 Cathode to Release Trapped Helium 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 400h 740h 758-800h 308h 1000h 1054h 1077h 1336-1362h 1408-1701h Helium Concentration (ppm) ▲ 2.077/1407h ▲ 1.556/669h Legend 1.661/810h ▲ S4M S2M “Exercising” S1M 100% of Predicted 4He (2004) “Cathode Heating and Composition Cycling” (2004) Cell purged, refilled with pure D2 ▲ 0.340/1172h ▲ ▲ S3M AssumedStarting Value 4 R1 – (pg. 3-161) – Cu addition and polarity reversal to strip Pd surface (anodic strip)R2 – (pg. 3-161) – Cu addition and polarity reversal to strip Pd surface (anodic strip)R3 – (pg. 3-171) – Cu addition and polarity reversal to strip Pd surface (anodic strip)R4 – (pg. 3-171) – Series of 3 6-hour heater power steps to verify calorimeter calibrationR5 – (pg. 3-171) – Current bias of increasing amplitude and alternating sign to induce loading fluxR6 – (pg. 3-171) – Current pulsing regime; cycles of current down to zero for 477ms / 240sR7 – (pg. 3-174) – Al addition and polarity reversal to strip Pd surfaceR8 – (pg. 3-174) – Switching current on alternate measurement cycles to induce loading flux. Cathode ramped from 0.1 to 3.1 in 12 increments at 25mA/hr. Held at 3.1A for 2 days. Followed by current oscillations between 3.1A cathodic and 0.001A anodic. Cell subjected to “mini-boiloff.” Calorimetry off. Electrolyte temp rose 45C to 57C. R9 – (pg. 3-177) – Attempts at pulsed loading “Excercising” References Explained (1998) R8 - “Exercising” the M4 Cathode to Release Trapped Helium “Excercising” References Explained (2004) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours
EPRI/SRI M4 – Overlay of All Data 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 LoadingD/Pd 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 Pxs Watts Ramp3 Ramp4 Ramp5 ● ● ● ◆ Ramp1 .98/560h .98/978h .98/1292h ● .929/1580h .956/210h 76m heat burst: Occurred between 1336-1362Temp. Rise:45°C - 57°C Exs Unknown:Calorimetry off during this time Burst 2 ■ ◆ .918/1184h .340W/562h 2.5 D Duration Burst 3 .225W/668h 2.5 D Duration ■ Ramp2 ◆ ● .898/872h .390/670h Exs 82 +/-27 kJ464h-669h Exs 17 +/-18 kJ220h-306h ◆ .89/1376h ◆ .880/524h EC Variations 400h 740h 758-800h 308h 1000h 1054h 1077h 1336-1362h 1408-1701h Helium Concentration (ppm) ▲ 2.077/1407h Burst 1 ▲ 1.556/669h ■ ■ 1.661/810h ▲ S4M ◆ S2M .07W/264h6 D Duration .867/360h S1M ◆ ◆ .86/669h .867/504h ◆ Loading ■ .857/264h Cell purged, refilled with pure D2 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ▲ Begin 6161hEnd 669h ◆ ◆ .85/1314h Begin 530hEnd 592h Max. Loading 0.340/1172h ▲ ▲ S3M AssumedStarting Value 4 .032/504h .032/860h ● ● ● .016/308h ● .032/1172h ● ◆ ■ ◆ 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0CurrentDensityA/cm2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h > ●
EPRI/SRI M4 - Overlay of All Data With Grid 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 LoadingD/Pd 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 Pxs Watts Ramp3 Ramp4 Ramp5 ● ● ● ◆ Ramp1 .98/560h .98/978h .98/1292h ● .929/1580h .956/210h 76m heat burst: Occurred between 1336-1362Temp. Rise:45°C - 57°C Exs Unknown:Calorimetry off during this time Burst 2 ■ ◆ .918/1184h .340W/562h 2.5 D Duration Burst 3 .225W/668h 2.5 D Duration ■ Ramp2 ◆ ● .898/872h .390/670h Exs 82 +/-27 kJ464h-669h Exs 17 +/-18 kJ220h-306h ◆ .89/1376h ◆ .880/524h EC Variations 400h 740h 758-800h 308h 1000h 1054h 1077h 1336-1362h 1408-1701h Helium Concentration (ppm) ▲ 2.077/1407h Burst 1 ▲ 1.556/669h ■ ■ 1.661/810h ▲ S4M ◆ S2M .07W/264h6 D Duration .867/360h S1M ◆ ◆ .86/669h .867/504h ◆ Loading ■ .857/264h Cell purged, refilled with pure D2 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ▲ Begin 6161hEnd 669h ◆ ◆ .85/1314h Begin 530hEnd 592h Max. Loading 0.340/1172h ▲ ▲ S3M AssumedStarting Value 4 .032/504h .032/860h ● ● ● .016/308h ● .032/1172h ● ◆ ■ ◆ 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0CurrentDensityA/cm2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time / 100 hours Expt. Ends 1840h > ●