1 / 16

GNSS IFR Installations & Approvals

GNSS IFR Installations & Approvals. Ron Doggett Aircraft Certification Unit. Contents. GNSS AC Development Installation Requirements and Issues Autopilots & Instrument Switching Other Requirements Flight Testing Future Requirements. GNSS AC Development. Part 19 Sub Part D out of date.

alec
Download Presentation

GNSS IFR Installations & Approvals

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. GNSS IFR Installations&Approvals Ron Doggett Aircraft Certification Unit

  2. Contents • GNSS AC Development • Installation Requirements and Issues • Autopilots & Instrument Switching • Other Requirements • Flight Testing • Future Requirements

  3. GNSS AC Development • Part 19 Sub Part D out of date. • GNSS AC is an interim solution until Part 91 Rules are amended by PBN implementation. • Exemptions are required to Part 19 to recognise GNSS(GPS) maturity and enable AC provisions. • CAA 2129 will have operational capability added as Part B. • Goal: draft for public comment by the end of the year.

  4. Installation Requirements • Equipment must be approved for Level 1 (TSO). • Installation must comply with FAA AC 20-138A Airworthiness Approval Of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Equipment requirements. • TSO C129a equipment requires a pressure altitude input (from an approved source). Recommended for TSO C129 equipment. • Relevant airworthiness requirements must be met.

  5. Human Factors & System Safety Perception… Pilots are cool dudes who can hack anything… - including dealing with bad designs -

  6. Human Factors & System Safety Reality … Design engineers must design for the “inverse” of the perception!

  7. Installation Human Factors • System safety and human factors is not about how easy it is on a good day, but how hard it is to get it wrong on a bad day. Remember - The Domino Theory and Reason’s Swiss cheese are extensions to Murphy’s law – If it can happen, it will and at the worst possible time.

  8. Installation Points • System(s) must be integrated with flight instruments. • Two crew aircraft require integration with both pilot’s flight instruments (FAR 23.1321). • CDUs must be clearly visible under all lighting conditions, and be easily reached. • Dual antenna installations require lateral separation. • Lit panels need to be properly modified.

  9. Autopilots & Instrument Switching • Interface to flight instruments and autopilots has a high human factors risk, particularly for switching and pilot workload. • Clever switching is behind the panel, not in front. • Switching systems must be independently powered. • Autopilots must maintain the aircraft within half the CDI scale on straight segments. • Adjusting CDI scaling from default values for autopilot gain is not permitted.

  10. Poor Installation Examples Pilot View Actual Display Control panels also need to be modified.

  11. Other Requirements • Steering interfaces need output to input compatibility analysis, particularly for analogue systems. • Electrical Load Analysis is required for the aircraft. • GNSS installations are becoming essential systems. • The complete installation must be considered in the assessment, including interfaces to other systems. • Flight Manual Supplements need to address autopilot coupling, if applicable. • ICAW are not optional!

  12. Flight Testing • A formal flight test plan is required. • A risk assessment must be carried out with any identified risks being mitigated or minimised. • Installations that change the instrument arrangement or couple to the autopilot require flight test and pilot workload assessment. • Production installations require flight validation only. • Pilots need to be experienced and rated on the aircraft and the equipment (Refer AC 19-1).

  13. Flight Test Plans • Preamble identifies: • Changes made to the aircraft, prerequisites, personnel requirements, flight profile, etc. • Tests procedures state: • Test objective and pass / fail criteria. • Identifies each process step for the test. • Identifies any data to be recorded by the crew. • Short or generic test specifications are not acceptable.

  14. Operational Approvals • TSO C129 systems require FAA Order 8110.60 approval for oceanic / remote continental use. • For dual installations, the software configuration must be the same. • Operational approval for an aircraft is endorsed on the CAA 2129. • Foreign STC installations will be accepted per Part 21. • Foreign and NZ modifications require CAA inspection and flight test.

  15. Future Requirements • NZ will transition to area navigation with high reliance on GNSS. • Requirements will be defined during PBN implementation activity. • Air transport IFR GNSS will require dual systems fully integrated. • TSO C129 systems will require retention of legacy navigation systems; TSO C145/146 may not.

  16. Any questions?

More Related