120 likes | 291 Views
EC 5153 (2) RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SEMESTER I 2006/2007 Board of Study in Agricultural Economics. Post Graduate Institute of Agriculture , Peradeniya, S.THIRUCHELVAM. EC 5153 (2:30/00) RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT COOURSE OUTLINE I. Basic Concepts Key Process in NRM
E N D
EC 5153 (2) RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENTSEMESTER I 2006/2007Board of Study in Agricultural Economics Post Graduate Institute of Agriculture , Peradeniya, S.THIRUCHELVAM
EC 5153 (2:30/00) RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT COOURSE OUTLINE I. Basic Concepts Key Process in NRM 1.Natural Resource Utilization & Management 2. Natural Resource – Ecosystem 3. Sustainable Economy & NRM - Quiz 1 - 5% 4.Neoclassical Econ. Model - Opti. Harvest 5.Institutional Aspects of NRM 6.Demographic Aspects of NRM 7.Natural Resource Degradation - Mid Term - 25% II. Theoretical, Procedural & Tech. Aspects of NRM Quiz 2 - 5% Term Paper &Presentation- 15% End Term - 50%
I.BASIC CONCEPTS KEY PROCESS IN NRM L 1.1 Basic Idea of Sustainable Resource Mgt. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – SD ·Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to meet their own needs. ·Equity Dimensions- Inter & Intra Generation ·The Central Rationale of SD Increase SOL of least advantage people & Avoiding uncompensated future cost. ·Compatible Objectives of SD Economic Growth - Increase Quantity Economic Development - Increase Quality Environmental Protection ·Necessary Condition-SD Time Dimension Non-Declining Natural Capital, Maintaining Human Welfare Over Time. ·Integrate Econ., Social &Environment
EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT CONSERN • Econ. Dev. Exp. Over the Past Decade’s • “ The Conspicuous Fifties” • Infrastructure as constraint. • Capital Intensive - Engineering & Tech. Orientation. • ·“ The Confident Sixties” • Industry to Agricultural Fundamentalism- GR • ·“ The Complex Seventies” • Basic Needs & Human Development • Income Distribution, Social & Management Concern. • ·“ The Confused Eighties” • Remove Structural & Macro Distortions • Concerns on Community Participation. • ·“ The Cautious Nineties” • Environment & Social Sustainability • “ The Conundrum Millennium” • Social Development • Poverty, Governance, Gender, etc.,
1.2RESOURCE USERS & MANAGERS Direct Resource Users- Farmers, Fishermen All Re. Users are not Resource Managers Park Visitors : Professionals ·Both concerned on Micro level Mgt. - Econ. Efficiency : Pvt. Cost < Soci. Cost- Externality ·Macro economic rationality in Mgt. 1.3The Spatio-Institutional Levels- NRMS The Nature, Magnitude & Dimensions ·Single - Aggregate Complex: Hierarchy & Institutional ·Individual, Cluster& Common ·Agro-ecological zones, Water Sheds ·Natural / Administrative Boundaries ·Property / Project Boundaries
1.4 PERSPECTIVE & APPROACHES - NRM ·Perspectives and NRM Problems - Direct Resource cum Managers - Professional Planners/ Managers - Environmentalist - Business lobby/ Legislators ·Mono & Inter Disciplinary - Perspective & Approach Mono - Reductionism - Self interest Holistic - Inter Disciplinary - Pluralism
PriceG & S House Hold Firm Prodn. FOP Wage The Biophysical Basis of the Econ. Process ·Economic Cycle Nature Extraction - Source Pollution - Sink - Aesthetic - Price Signals - Non Price Signals ·Whether Free / Planned / Mixed Economy Guarantee Persist Environment? Economy Embedded in the Eco System
SELECTED ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS 1.Green House Gases – GHG - Heavy reliance on fossil fuel - Global energy increased 70% - 2% increase over next 15 years - 50% increase GHG emissions. 2.Ozone Layer - Black market & trade in CFCs etc. - 1987 Montreal Protocol - Countries commitments - Need 50 to back to normal. 3.Acid Rain - SO2 Emission - Developed countries- strict regu. - Asia, SO2 E. will double by 2020.
4.Nitrogen Cycle - Ferti., human sewage & fossil fuel - Excess N2 in the past 50 years. - Reduced soil ferti., eutrofication - Biologically available N2 double in 25 years. 5.Deforestation - A leading cause – farming - Shows no sign of abating. - 20% of world tropical forest cleared bet. 60- 90s. - Developed countries stable / slight increase - Natural forest lack adequate protection.
6. Bio Diversity - Courses habitat redu. & Pollution - Competition from non-native plts. - “exotic Invaders” threat 20% endangered spp. 7. Aquatic Environment - Most ocean are over fished - Productivity is on the decline - 58% of the world’s coral reefs & - 34% of all fish species are at risk. 8. Water Scarcity - 21st C’s the most pressing issues - Moderate to high in 1/3 world’s population rise to 2/3 in the next 30 years.
Environmental Conservation-Why ? • Environment is a resource • Source function • Sink function • Global function • Environment is a unique resource, requiring special attention in sustainable development • Non substitutable functions • Irreversible if damaged • Resilience • Environment is the material/resource link between present and future generations
The Existence Theorem The existence theorem relates the scale & configuration of an economy to the set of environment – economy interrelationships underlying the economy. LinearEconomics The open linear economy needs to be revised revised to allow for the economic functions of natural environments and the & the thermodynamic equivalence between resource extraction and waste discharges. Resource CyclicEconomics Resource Production process Consumption R P C Waste generation W Recycling (Entropy Low) r Assimilatory capacity A