Unit 2 Outline

1. Unit 2 Outline • Chapter 5 (1 week) • Sections 1-3 normal • Fast Section 4 (Just Guided Reading/Quiz) • Skip Section 5 • Chapter 6 (1 week +) • All Sections 1-4 (Shortened 2) • Chapter 7 (3-4 days) • All Sections; Shortened Test/Quiz • Chapter 8 (Skimmed) • Just Guided Reading Worksheets and Quizzes turned in for test grade • Chapter 9 (Skipped) • Read Chapter in brief (pg.235) complete guide to essentials • Unit Test

2. Bell Work: Monday • Get books • Get notes/worksheets for Ch. 6 • Chapter 5/6 test Friday

3. What are the 2 long term trends of suffrage in the U.S.? • Suffrage (franchise means the same) • The right to vote • Gradual elimination of several restrictions on the right to vote • Restrictions like religion, property, race/sex • Expansion of the Federal Govts. Control over voting (gradually took this from the states)

4. 5 stages in the growth of the Electorate (voter population) • Early 1800s • Elimination of religious testing, property ownership, and tax payment restrictions • Post Civil War • 15th Amendment: no longer denial based on race/color • States continued to get around this • 19th Amendment • Prohibited the denial of vote based on sex. • Ratified in 1920

5. 5 stages in the growth of the Electorate (voter population) • 1960s Civil Rights Acts • Federal legislation and court decisions helped secure African Americans a full role in voting • 1971: 26th Amendment • No state could set voting age limit above 18

6. Restrictions placed on the states by the Constitution • Voters can vote in all elections • States cannot deny vote based on race/color • States cannot deny vote based on sex • State cannot require payment of any tax as a condition to vote • State cannot deny vote to anyone at least 18

7. Universal Voting Requirements in U.S. • Every State requires that any person who wants to vote must satisfy 3 universal factors • Citizenship • Must establish self as member of U.S. • Residence • Must be a legal resident of that state • Age • No state may set minimum age above 18

8. Other Qualifications • Registration • Procedure of voter identification intended to prevent fraudulent voting • Literacy (no longer used) • Used in past as a discouraging method for certain groups • Tax payment (no longer used) • Poll Tax: tax payment in order to vote

9. Lesson Closing • L-J #3 (20-40) • Work on Section 1 Guided Reading and Review and Section 2 Essentials • Answer any open vocabulary on notes • Finish up any of Chapter 5 Guided Essentials • This is where you answer 2 ?s at bottom in complete sentences • Finish any other worksheets

10. Tuesday • Bell Work • Grab books and notes • Have L-J Sheet ready • L-J #4 (30-50)

11. What is the 15th Amendment • Declared the right to vote cannot be denied on account of race. • This right continued to be denied by southern states through a variety of tactics.

12. Some of the tactics used by Southern States (Choose any four) • One of most important weapons was violence • Along with subtle threats and social pressures • Literacy Tests • One of most effective at disenfranchising African Americans • Often manipulated by white officials • Poll Taxes • Tax used to discourage lower socio-economic African Americans • Gerrymandering • Drawing electoral district lines in order to limit the voting strength of a particular district • White Primaries • Political parties were defined as private associations. • They could therefore exclude African Americans from voting in primaries • So African Americans were excluded from an important part of the election process

13. Significance of early Civil Rights • 1957 • Set up U.S. Civil Rights commission • Job is to look into voter discrimination claims • Also gave attorney general power to seek court orders to prevent the interference of voter rights • 1960 • Set up the appointment of federal voting referees • Basically given the power to help qualified people register and vote • 1964 (Most effective of 3) • Most importantly forbids use of any voter registration or literacy requirement in an unfair way. • Uses injunctions; which when violated amounts to contempt of court.

14. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Provisions • Made 15th amendment truly effective • Finally applied to all elections; local, state, and federal • Provided for Pre-clearance (prior approval of new election laws by Dep. Of justice • Effects • Finally ended discrimination in voting process • Ensured African American Suffrage

15. Lesson Closing • L-J #5 • Due at End of Period • Answers to Questions on 160/161 • Finish up any worksheets • Finish up any open vocabulary • Pick up review

16. Bell Work: Wednesday • Open Books to 164: • Read “Why people do not vote” 165-168: • Read brief parts of each section • Dice Rolling L-J #7 • Get books and notes • Period 7 Wait for me to show you attachment • Chart

17. Voter Turnout • U.S.? • Voter turnout is extremely low in the U.S. and is continuing to be a problem • Around 50% voter turnout; over 100 million not voting • Size of the Problem • Election Years are seeing around 50% voter turnout • How are off-year elections? • Significantly down; 30-40% voter turnout for even more local elections.

18. Why do people not vote? • Time and intelligence are no longer excuses in the voting process • “Cannot-voters” • Make up around 20% of non-voters (20-30 mill) • Simply cannot vote for some reason • 500,000 in mental health care system • 5-6 million b/c too ill or physically disabled to vote • 10 million resident aliens (prohibited from voting)

19. Why do people not vote? • Actual “non-voters” • 2004 saw 80 million non voters who could have • “Indifference Ideal” = don’t think it would make a difference (two types) • General Agreement: believe in system no matter who is in charge the country will continue on similar path • General Apprehension: No trust for political institution, view elections as meaningless and choice less exercises

20. Why do people not vote? • Factors that influence turnout • Boring/tedious procedures • Registration, long ballots, and long lines at polls • Time zone factor • Eastern/central time zones close before others and can often show what outcome may already be • Comes down to a lack of interest

21. Why do people not vote? • Comparison • Voters • Higher levels of income, education, and occupation • Long-time residents, comfy w/in community and strong party identification • Non-voters • Younger, unmarried, and unskilled • Live in south and rural areas

22. Sociological Factors in voting • These are not universal as characteristics can apply to many people, these are generalizations • Income/Occupation • Education • Gender, Age • Gender Gap: Differences in partisan choices by gender. • Religion/Ethnicity • Geography • Family

23. Psychological Factors • Must also look at the voters perceptions of politics. How they look at parties, issues, candidates • Party Identification • Loyalty of people to a particular political party • Most important/telling factor on how a person will vote • Weakening today w/ increase in split-ticket voting and independent voters • Candidates and issues also play a short term role in voter choice

24. Lesson Closing • L-J #8 Dice Roll • Video: “Voters Roll” • Work on Worksheets during • Review Time • Test Friday • Work-day tomorrow

25. Period 7 Seating Chart!