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Review of Scientific Notation

Review of Scientific Notation. 10 2 = 100, 10 1 =10, 10 0 = 1, 10 -1 =0.1, 10 -2 =0.01 10 12 =1,000,000,000,000=trillion (Tera-) 10 9 =1,000,000,000 = billion (Giga-) 10 6 = 1,000,000 = million (Mega-) 10 3 = 1,000 = thousand (kilo-) 10 -2 = 0.01=one-hundredth (centi-)

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Review of Scientific Notation

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  1. Review of Scientific Notation • 102 = 100, 101=10, 100 = 1, 10-1=0.1, 10-2=0.01 • 1012=1,000,000,000,000=trillion (Tera-) • 109 =1,000,000,000 = billion (Giga-) • 106 = 1,000,000 = million (Mega-) • 103 = 1,000 = thousand (kilo-) • 10-2= 0.01=one-hundredth (centi-) • 10-3= 0.001=one-thousandth (milli-) • 10-6= 0.000001=one-millionth (micro-) • 10-9= 0.000000001=one-billionth (nano-) • 5.4x103=5,400 7.05x10-3=0.00705 • 4,700=4.7x103 0.017 = 1.7x10-2

  2. Powers of Ten Arithmetic Multiplication: (5.3x103) x (6x10-5) = 31.8x103+(-5) =31.8x10-2 = 3.18x10-1 =0.318 = 0.3 One significant figure! Keep only the minimum number of significant figures going into the calculation in the answer. Division: (9.3 x10-4)/(3.10x10-6) = 3.0 x10-4-(-6) = 3.0 x102 = 300 BUT, 3.0x102 is the better answer, as it CLEARLY has two significant figures; scientific notation is PRECISE.

  3. The Scales of the Universe We deal with the largest possible things -- the whole universe -- and with the smallest -- nuclei of atoms. This requires us to use a wide range of PHYSICAL UNITS and we USE THE METRIC SYSTEM. Length: m or cm Mass: kg or g Time: s or yr Temperature: K(elvins) 1 pc = 3.26 light-yr = 3.085678 x 1018cm=3.1x1013km 1AU = 1.496x1013cm = 150,000,000 km (astronomical unit = mean distance between earth and sun)

  4. Sizes of Everything • Universe: open or flat -- infinite; closed -- 1028cm • Galaxies: no of stars 109-1013; size ~ 1023cm~3x104pc • Stars: 1010-1012cm (most radii) • Typical separations: 1018cm ~ 1 pc • Planets: RE=6.4x103km = 6.4x108cm • Separations: ~ 1 AU • Mountain: Tallest ~ 10 km, more typical ~6 km Hm/RE=6.4km/6.4x103km=1.0x10-3 • People: 1.5m = 1.5x102cm (~5 feet) • Visible light: wavelength=500nm=5x10-5cm • Atom: 0.1nm=10-8cm=10-10m (X-ray wavelength) • Nucleus: 1 Fermi = 10-13cm = 10-15m

  5. Time Scales of the Universe • Time since the Big Bang: ~1.4x1010 yr • Galaxies formed: ~1.3x1010 yr ago • Solar system formed: 4.55x109 yr ago • Oldest rocks on Earth: 3.8x109 yr BP • Earliest life forms: ~3.5x109 yr BP • Earliest hominids:~2x106 yr BP • Mountains: Appalachians:~2.5x108yr BP; Rockies: 7x107 yr BP • Human lifespan: ~75 yr • Oscillation time for visible light: ~2x10-15 s • Time for light to pass the nucleus of an atom: ~3x10-24s

  6. Astronomy 1020 Lab RequirementsBring to lab next week • Astronomy: A Laboratory Textbook, 3rd Ed., by John W. Wilson • Metric ruler ~ 30 cm long • Protractor • Drawing compass • Scientific calculator (not a cell phone)

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