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Evolution of the Solar System Models: Ptolemaic to Copernican

Explore the transition from the Earth-centered Ptolemaic system to the Sun-centered Copernican model through the discoveries of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. From Ptolemy's geocentric belief to Copernicus's heliocentric revolution, trace the history of astronomical discovery.

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Evolution of the Solar System Models: Ptolemaic to Copernican

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  1. Before 1600 The known Universe consists of only 8 bodies: Earth, Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn. Earth is thought to be the centre of the Universe with all other bodies orbiting it. (Ptolemaic system)

  2. Development of the Copernican system: Problem with the Ptolemaic Universe – some of the planets seem to move in the wrong direction in the sky. Can only be explained if the Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun – Copernican theory

  3. The Discovery of Uranus 1781 – William Herschel During sky survey spotted a faint star that appeared disc like in the constellation of Gemini (near the ecliptic). Further observations revealed its motion and orbit.

  4. The Discovery of Neptune 1846 – Peturbations in Uranus' orbit suggests another planet lies beyond Uranus. Adams and Le Verrier predict an orbit and a search conducted by Encke discovers the new planet at the predicted location.

  5. The Discovery of Pluto Further peturbations in Uranus' orbit measured by Percival Lowell and Edward Pickering suggests another the existence of another mysterious planet. American student Clyde Tombaugh eventually discovers Pluto in a photograph in 1930.

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