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Development Infancy & Childhood

Development Infancy & Childhood. INUTERO. Hereditary characteristics Environment/surroundings Nature vs. Nurture controversy begin Are we born a certain way OR are we made that way by our experiences?. Hereditary. Genes=basic units Chromosomes:where genes are carried

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Development Infancy & Childhood

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  1. DevelopmentInfancy & Childhood

  2. INUTERO • Hereditary characteristics • Environment/surroundings • Nature vs. Nurture controversy begin • Are we born a certain way OR are we made that way by our experiences?

  3. Hereditary • Genes=basic units • Chromosomes:where genes are carried • Zygote: 2 gametes unite (46 chromosomes)

  4. Maturation Processes • Automatic sequential events in development • Many behaviors are not learned ex. Walking • Need nutrition, safety, and stimulation to prevent slowing/stopping the process

  5. Some behaviors are intrinsic (not learned) • Dog wagging its tail • Smiling • Some are imitation & best learned b4 age 12 • Ex. accents

  6. Feral Children: Raised by animals & act like them

  7. Pple. Need care until 1 yr. old or they die!!

  8. Family Structures • Parents +children ______ Nuclear • Other relatives +parents +children _________ Extended

  9. Newer Structures • Divorces: 90% of custody goes to women Bad: women pd less than men, unstable to lack both parents Good: arguments can ruin child’s security, teaches poor prblm. Solving.

  10. Step Families Difficult: Parents must discuss rules/discipline Can cause resentment Same-Sex families: Increasing w/ increased adoptions

  11. Growth Cycles • Body parts develop @ diff. rates • Females= continuous growth & faster to develop mentally & physically • Boys=slower & in spurts

  12. Critical Periods • Time period when a skill may be learned it will not be learned ( or will be painfully difficult!) • Ex. languages

  13. Language Skills • Babbling=norm. to explore new sounds • Imitation teaches what sounds to keep • Your language/word choice is effected by environment (wicked, y’all, A’H)

  14. Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

  15. Lived in Bronxville, NY Interested in morals after the Holocaust Graduated College in 1 Year (Chicago) Early Life

  16. His Career • Taught at Yale & Harvard (psychology) • Made “just communities @ schools & prisons=democracy to make all decisions

  17. Did cross-cultural studies in Belize Got a parasite Chronic depression & pain Left Boston Memorial Hospital & drowned himself in Boston Harbor His Death

  18. Preconventional Younger than 6 Morals based on authority No abstract ideas of right/wrong Only think about punishment/reward Think all good bhvrs. Should get rewards! Moral Development Theory

  19. If you accidentally hurt someone, is it as morally wrong as hurting someone on purpose?

  20. Conventional 7-11 or forever Base rt/wrong on the expectations of society Consider intentions because society does (manslaughter v. murder 1)

  21. If your morals are inconveniant, do you ignore them?

  22. Post-Conventional 11+ if ever!! Base morals on human rights that you developed on your own! If good/right idea is inconvenient it is ignored

  23. Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development He was WICKED smart!

  24. Sensorimotor Stage Birth-2 yrs. Time spent on senses&moving Reach for pleasurable things No object permanence ( if you cant see it, it doesn’t exist!) End of stage: language begins

  25. Preoperational 2-7 yrs. Have object permanence Believe everything has their abilities Inc. Language No reversibility: Can’t see life from a diff. perspective No conservation: ex Glasses of water

  26. Concrete Operational 7-11 yrs. Some never leave Inc. reasoning Have reversibility & conservation Difficulty seeing multiple traits of an object Strict rules/ no grey areas multiple classification, and seriation. Their humor is also very concrete and linear.

  27. Formal Operational/ Operational 11 + yrs ( if ever!!) Have symbolic thoughts (math, philosophy) Controversial: some critical thinking must be taught in industrial H.S. (a biased stage!)

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