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FMF Enlisted PQS Guide Section 102 USMC History, Ranks, and Courtesies

FMF Enlisted PQS Guide Section 102 USMC History, Ranks, and Courtesies.

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FMF Enlisted PQS Guide Section 102 USMC History, Ranks, and Courtesies

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  1. FMF Enlisted PQS Guide Section 102 USMC History, Ranks, and Courtesies

  2. This PowerPoint presentation is a brief synopsis of Section 102 of the Enlisted FMF PQS study manual. It is designed to either be presented as a class to a battalion aid station while the students read along in their books or to be used by a single person studying for their test or board, with the book nearby to bounce between the book and the slideshow. It is not meant to replace the actual material in your bookand it certainly does not cover all of the material inside of the references listed in the book. It is a pretty badass presentation, but it will also never be an acceptable substitute for the weeks of study time recommended prior to taking the exam or oral boards. Good luck!

  3. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1775 – Marine Corps created in Philadelphia at Tun Tavern on November 10thby the Continental Congress. Raised two battalions of Marines under command of Captain Samuel Nicholas, who is traditionally considered the first Commandant. In 1834 the Marines came under the Department of the Navy. The National Security Act of 1947, amended in 1952, states the present structure. Samuel Nicholas Tun Tavern, Philadelphia PN

  4. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1776 – First Marine landing took place during the Revolutionary War. Needing guns and supplies to continue the fight against England, the Marines invaded New Providence Island in the Bahamas. Because of the stiff leather stock they wore around their necks to protect against swords, they also got the nickname “Leathernecks” in this year 1805 – Tired of paying ransom to Muslim pirates who kept hijacking US merchant vessels bound for Europe, President Thomas Jefferson ordered the storming of the Barbary pirates’ stronghold at Burma, on the “Shores of Tripoli”. Marines raised the “Stars and Stripes” for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere Landing at New Providence, 3 Mar 1776 Storming Burma, Tripoli in 1805

  5. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1847 – During the Mexican War, Marines occupied the “Halls of Montezuma” during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City. Marines captured the Royal Palace and California 1859 – Under the command of US Army Colonel Robert E. Lee, Marines stormed the US arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to put down an attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist John Brown 1859 is also the year in which Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson died, the “Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps” Taking the Royal Palace, better known as the “Halls of Montezuma,” in Mexico City Abolitionist John Brown, leader of a slave revolt

  6. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1868 – Brigadier General Joseph Zeilin, 7th Commandant modified the British Royal Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime. The globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions. The eagle is a symbol of the nation itself 1883 – “Semper Fidelis,” Latin for “Always Faithful,” is adopted as the Marine Corps’ official motto. Phrase is more commonly known by its abbreviation, “Semper Fi.” www.battalionaidstation.com

  7. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1900 – The Chinese Boxers rebel. Marines in Asia defend the American embassy and Embassy Row in Peking until reinforcements arrive. This is often referred to as the first “Non-Combatant Evacuation Operation,” or NEO. One of the notable Marines present during the Boxer Rebellion was Sergeant Major Dan Daly, who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions that day. 1913 – Marine Corps aviation unit established. Major Alfred Cunningham becomes the Marine Corps’ first pilot Boxer Rebellion, China, 1900 Major Alfred Cunningham www.battalionaidstation.com

  8. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1917 – Marines land in France in support of World War I. They participate in eight distinct operations, including the Battle of Belleu Wood, and were awarded numerous awards, including the French Fourragere, still worn by members of the 5th and 6th Regiments. So fierce was the fighting that Marines were ranked at the top of the fighting ability list by German intelligence, earning them the nickname “Devil Dogs” 1933 – Marine Corps gets reorganized into the Fleet Marine Force, formally establishing the “command and administrative” relations between the fleet and the Corps. The Marine Corps Equipment Board also gets established at Quantico, VA and Marines begin to devote long hours to testing and developing materials for landing operations and expeditionary service. French Fourragere Testing new equipment & tactics at Quantico

  9. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1965 – Marines land in Vietnam, the Corps longest war in its history at the time. Marines conducted numerous large-scale offensives while also participating in operations designed to win the “hearts and minds” of the local Vietnamese people 1965 – Marines land in Dominican Republic to protect and evacuate US citizens during an attempted coup attempt. Marines formed the core of a multinational force that quickly restored the peace. HM2 David R. Ray, Medal of Honor recipient, Vietnam Marine in Domincan Republic, 1965

  10. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.1: Significant Events 1982 – Marines deploy to Lebanon as part of a multinational force to restore peace and display the Marines as a “Force in Readiness.” On 23 Oct 1983 a cowardly Muslim terrorist attacked the headquarters and barracks building while the Marines slept, driving a suicide truck bomb resulting in 241 Americans dead. The US withdrew its Marines in July of 1984 1991 – Operation Desert Storm was launched after the Iraqi government invaded Kuwait and refused to comply with UN resolutions. Marine aviation was used to bomb Iraqi positions before Marine ground forces stormed Kuwait, causing severe damage to Iraq’s military Marine headquarters and barracks building after terrorist attack on October 23, 1983 Operation Desert Storm (notice the desert pattern) www.battalionaidstation.com

  11. Quick review Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of the Marine Corps?

  12. Quick review • Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of • the Marine Corps? • Captain Samuel Nicholas

  13. Quick review Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of the Marine Corps? Captain Samuel Nicholas In what year was the first Marine landing?

  14. Quick review • Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of • the Marine Corps? • Captain Samuel Nicholas • In what year was the first Marine landing? • 1776

  15. Quick review Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of the Marine Corps? Captain Samuel Nicholas In what year was the first Marine landing? 1776 What happened first, the “Halls of Montezuma” or the “Shores of Tripoli” ?

  16. Quick review • Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of • the Marine Corps? • Captain Samuel Nicholas • In what year was the first Marine landing? • 1776 • What happened first, the “Halls of Montezuma” or the • “Shores of Tripoli” ? • “Shores of Tripoli” happened in 1805 when President Jefferson refused to pay ransom to the Barbary pirates and had the Navy and Marines storm Burma. • The “Halls of Montezuma,” also known as the Mexican Royal Palace fell to he Marines in 1847 during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City

  17. Quick review • Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of • the Marine Corps? • Captain Samuel Nicholas • In what year was the first Marine landing? • 1776 • What happened first, the “Halls of Montezuma” or the • “Shores of Tripoli” ? • “Shores of Tripoli” happened in 1805 when President Jefferson refused to pay ransom to the Barbary pirates and had the Navy and Marines storm Burma. • The “Halls of Montezuma,” also known as the Mexican Royal Palace fell to he Marines in 1847 during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City • What two events happened in 1859?

  18. Quick review • Who is generally considered to be the first Commandant of • the Marine Corps? • Captain Samuel Nicholas • In what year was the first Marine landing? • 1776 • What happened first, the “Halls of Montezuma” or the • “Shores of Tripoli” ? • “Shores of Tripoli” happened in 1805 when President Jefferson refused to pay ransom to the Barbary pirates and had the Navy and Marines storm Burma. • The “Halls of Montezuma,” also known as the Mexican Royal Palace fell to he Marines in 1847 during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City • What two events happened in 1859? • US Army Colonel Robert E. Lee put down a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry • “Grand Old Man” of the Marine Corps, Archibald Henderson dies

  19. Quick review For what is Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin remembered for?

  20. Quick review For what is Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin remembered for? In 1868, General Zeilin, the 7th Commandant of the Marine Corps, designed the Marine Corps’ emblem. He modified the British Royal Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime. The globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions. The eagle is a symbol of the nation itself.

  21. Quick review For what is Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin remembered for? In 1868, General Zeilin, the 7th Commandant of the Marine Corps, designed the Marine Corps’ emblem. He modified the British Royal Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime. The globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions. The eagle is a symbol of the nation itself. Marine units have often fallen under US Army command, but one instance in particular is mentioned in the PQS. What is it?

  22. Quick review • For what is Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin remembered for? • In 1868, General Zeilin, the 7th Commandant of the Marine Corps, designed the Marine Corps’ emblem. He modified the British Royal Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime. The globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions. The eagle is a symbol of the nation itself. • Marine units have often fallen under US Army command, but • one instance in particular is mentioned in the PQS. What is it? • In 1859, under the command of Colonel Robert E. Lee, US • Army, Marines stormed the US arsenal at Harpers Ferry to • put down an attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist • John Brown

  23. Quick review • For what is Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin remembered for? • In 1868, General Zeilin, the 7th Commandant of the Marine Corps, designed the Marine Corps’ emblem. He modified the British Royal Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime. The globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions. The eagle is a symbol of the nation itself. • Marine units have often fallen under US Army command, but • one instance in particular is mentioned in the PQS. What is it? • In 1859, under the command of Colonel Robert E. Lee, US • Army, Marines stormed the US arsenal at Harpers Ferry to • put down an attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist • John Brown • For what else is Colonel Lee remembered for? (Not in the • manual but asked on many boards to test your knowledge)

  24. Quick review • For what is Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin remembered for? • In 1868, General Zeilin, the 7th Commandant of the Marine Corps, designed the Marine Corps’ emblem. He modified the British Royal Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime. The globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions. The eagle is a symbol of the nation itself. • Marine units have often fallen under US Army command, but • one instance in particular is mentioned in the PQS. What is it? • In 1859, under the command of Colonel Robert E. Lee, US • Army, Marines stormed the US arsenal at Harpers Ferry to • put down an attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist • John Brown • For what else is Colonel Lee remembered for? (Not in the • manual but asked on many boards to test your knowledge) • Colonel Robert E. Lee would go on to lead the Southern • Army in the Civil War. He considered joining President • Lincoln but said that he loved his home state of Virginia • more than he loved the nation as a whole.

  25. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established?

  26. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913

  27. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere?

  28. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere? World War I

  29. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere? World War I During what war did Marines earn the nickname “Devil Dogs”?

  30. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere? World War I During what war did Marines earn the nickname “Devil Dogs”? World War I

  31. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere? World War I During what war did Marines earn the nickname “Devil Dogs”? World War I Most people remember that Vietnam started in 1965 but forget that one other major event happened that year. What is it?

  32. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere? World War I During what war did Marines earn the nickname “Devil Dogs”? World War I Most people remember that Vietnam started in 1965 but forget that one other major event happened that year. What is it? Marines land in Vietnam to protect and evacuate US citizens during an attempted coup

  33. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere? World War I During what war did Marines earn the nickname “Devil Dogs”? World War I Most people remember that Vietnam started in 1965 but forget that one other major event happened that year. What is it? Marines land in Vietnam to protect and evacuate US citizens during an attempted coup What happened in 1982?

  34. Quick review In what year was Marine Corps aviation established? 1913 During what war did Marines earn the French Fourragere? World War I During what war did Marines earn the nickname “Devil Dogs”? World War I Most people remember that Vietnam started in 1965 but forget that one other major event happened that year. What is it? Marines land in Vietnam to protect and evacuate US citizens during an attempted coup What happened in 1982? Marines deployed to Lebanon as part of a peacekeeping force. On 23 Oct 1983, a suicide truck bomb tore apart the headquarters and barracks building, killing 241 Marines

  35. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.2: Major Conflicts Belleau Wood – One of the greatest battles in Marine history was fought at Belleau Wood, France. Until the Marines arrived, the Germans were pushing the French back and threatening Paris. Marines repelled the Germans so decidedly that they got ranked as “Storm Troops,” the highest rating on the German enemy fighting scale. The Germans soldiers also referred to the Marines as “Teufelhunden,” German for “Devil Dogs,” a nickname in which Marines share pride. Among the warriors at Belleu Wood was then Gunnery Sergeant Dan Daly who motivated his men by yelling at them, “Come on you sons of bitches!, Do you want to live forever?” Gunnery Sergeant Daly would receive the Navy Cross for his leadership and combat action at Belleau Wood. US Marines defeating Germans at Belleau Wood

  36. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.2: Major Conflicts Guadalcanal– On 07 Aug 1942, the 1st Marine Division landed on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, the first US land offensive of World War II, and the first test of the new amphibious doctrine (in development at Quantico since 1933). Taking the islands gave the US an airbase from which to launch bombers and further invade Japanese lands. Tarawa– After Guadalcanal, the Gilbert islands (Tarawa and Betio) were the next goal. The Japanese commander had boasted that the islands were so fortified it would take 1 million Americans 100 years to capture. Marines took the island in 76 hours. An error by the US was landing during low tide: landing craft caught the reefs, forcing Americans to swim ashore during heavy fire, causing many to drown or be mowed down by Japanese machine guns Storming the beaches at Guadalcanal, a test of the new amphibious doctrine established in 1933 Beach at Tarawa

  37. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.2: Major Conflicts Mariana Islands– The Mariana Islands of Saipan, Guam, and Tinian were invaded to provide forward airfields and naval bases for the Air Force and Navy. During June and July of 1943, Lt. General Holland Smith commanded 136,000 soldiers and Marines, the greatest number under Marine command in history. Iwo Jima– The largest and bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history began on 19 Feb 1943, with 23,300 casualties. Capturing Iwo Jima greatly increased air support and bombing capabilities over Japan. Admiral Nimitz said of the battle, “Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon value was a common virtue.” Among the warriors at Iwo Jima were Pharmacist’s Mate 2nd Class John Bradley, Navy Cross recipient, and CPL Ira H. Hayes, both of whom were involved in the 2nd flag raisingatop Mt. Suribachi. LGEN Holland Smith Mt. Suribachi overlooking Iwo Jima

  38. Section 102: History, Ranks, & Courtesies 102.2: Major Conflicts Chosin Reservoir– In November of 1950, Americans were routing the North Koreans, pushing their forces up to the border with China. However, American forces drew too close to the Chinese border, causing the Chinese to join the battle. Surprised by the Chinese and cut off from the main allied forces, Marines were outnumbered and surrounded by ten Red Army divisions. Refusing to surrender, Marines smashed through the Chinese Army, destroying 7 of their 10 divisions as they retreated from the Chosin Reservoir. The major significance of the battle was Marines brought out all usable equipment and properly evacuated casualties. Among the memorable men leading the fight in Korea was then Colonel Lewis “Chesty” Puller Hue City– During the Tet holiday in January of 1968, Communist forces launched a surprise offensive by infiltrating a division-sized unit into Hue City. Marines fought in urban terrain for the first time since the Korean War and were forced to use small arms to minimize civilian casualties. The city was secured on 29 February, 1968

  39. Quick review What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history?

  40. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties

  41. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with?

  42. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with? • Corporal Ira Hayes • Pharmacist’s Mate 2ndClassJohnBradley • Admiral Chester Nimitz

  43. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with? • Corporal Ira Hayes • Pharmacist’s Mate 2ndClassJohn Bradley • Admiral Chester Nimitz • What was Admiral Nimitz’s famous quote regarding Iwo Jima?

  44. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with? • Corporal Ira Hayes • Pharmacist’s Mate 2ndClassJohn Bradley • Admiral Chester Nimitz • What was Admiral Nimitz’s famous quote regarding Iwo Jima? • “Among the men who served on Iwo Island, uncommon • valor was a common virtue.”

  45. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with? • Corporal Ira Hayes • Pharmacist’s Mate 2ndClassJohn Bradley • Admiral Chester Nimitz • What was Admiral Nimitz’s famous quote regarding Iwo Jima? • “Among the men who served on Iwo Island, uncommon • valor was a common virtue.” • On what day did the Marines invade Iwo Jima?

  46. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with? • Corporal Ira Hayes • Pharmacist’s Mate 2ndClassJohn Bradley • Admiral Chester Nimitz • What was Admiral Nimitz’s famous quote regarding Iwo Jima? • “Among the men who served on Iwo Island, uncommon • valor was a common virtue.” • On what day did the Marines invade Iwo Jima? • 19 February 1945

  47. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with? • Corporal Ira Hayes • Pharmacist’s Mate 2ndClassJohn Bradley • Admiral Chester Nimitz • What was Admiral Nimitz’s famous quote regarding Iwo Jima? • “Among the men who served on Iwo Island, uncommon • valor was a common virtue.” • On what day did the Marines invade Iwo Jima? • 19 February 1945 • What was the reason behind the Navy and Marines taking the • island of Guadalcanal?

  48. Quick review • What was the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history? • Battle of Iwo Jima with 23,300 casualties • Who are three significant warriors at Iwo Jima that FMF • Corpsmen should be familiar with? • Corporal Ira Hayes • Pharmacist’s Mate 2ndClassJohn Bradley • Admiral Chester Nimitz • What was Admiral Nimitz’s famous quote regarding Iwo Jima? • “Among the men who served on Iwo Island, uncommon • valor was a common virtue.” • On what day did the Marines invade Iwo Jima? • 19 February 1945 • What was the reason behind the Navy and Marines taking the • island of Guadalcanal? • Gave the US a base from which to launch further invasions of Japanese held lands

  49. Quick review In the Battle of Belleau Wood, Marines probably saved Paris from being sacked by the Germans. What else happened during this battle or because of this battle?

  50. Quick review • In the Battle of Belleau Wood, Marines probably saved Paris • from being sacked by the Germans. What else happened • during this battle or because of this battle? • Germans ranked Marines at the top of their enemy fighting list with the ranking of “Storm Troops” • Germans nicknamed the Marines “Devil Dogs” because of their ferocious fighting ability • The French renamed the area “The Wood of the Brigade of the Marines” in honor of the Marines • Gunnery Sergeant Dan Daly motivated his men by yelling his famous quote, “Come on you sons of bitches! Do you want to live forever?”

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