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Managing Stress. Coping with Stress. Prevention (Situational) Problem-focused approach (Rational coping / Reframing) Emotion-focused approach (Body focus – reducing impact of stress). Prevention. Healthy lifestyle Time-management Attitude. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3.
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Coping with Stress • Prevention (Situational) • Problem-focused approach (Rational coping / Reframing) • Emotion-focused approach (Body focus – reducing impact of stress)
Prevention • Healthy lifestyle • Time-management • Attitude
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Depression score No-treatment group Relaxation treatment group Aerobic exercise group Aerobic exercise • As reliever of depression and stress • Neurosci Vid #22: Activity, Exercise, and the brain
Time-management • Time stress • Strategies (develop in small groups) • Common time-consumers? • (identify and minimize) • Prioritizing • Avoiding procrastination
Attitude • Personality style (e.g., Type A or B; hostility/cynicism vs. “laid-back” • Optimism
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Percentage of patients with recurrent heart attacks (cumulative average) Control patients Modifying life-style reduced recurrent heart attacks Life-style modification patients 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Year Type A • Modifying Type A life-style can reduce recurrence of heart attacks
2. Problem-focused approach • Problem-solving • Assertiveness • (e.g., saying “no” to demands) • Cognitive restructuring • (managing self-talk – particularly unrealistic, irrational self-talk)
Response Appraisal Threat (“*%#@! I’m gonna bomb!”) Panic, freeze up, Procrastinate… Stressful event (tough psych test) Challenge (“I’ve got to apply all I know”) Optimal Aroused Focused Prepared Cognitive Restructuring
3. Emotion-focused approach • Social support • Research on s.s. and health/well-being • grooming in primates • “tend-and-befriend” • love, relating, and oxytocin (Neurosci Vid # 51)
Emotion-focused approach • Relaxation strategies • Biofeedback