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PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY SYSTEMS - AUSTRALIA -

PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY SYSTEMS - AUSTRALIA -. Basic Manufacture. The raw materials are — silicon dioxide of either quartzite gravel or crushed quartz - placed into an electric arc furnace, where a carbon arc is applied to release the oxygen.

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PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY SYSTEMS - AUSTRALIA -

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  1. PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY SYSTEMS - AUSTRALIA -

  2. Basic Manufacture The raw materials are — silicon dioxide of either quartzite gravel or crushed quartz - placed into an electric arc furnace, where a carbon arc is applied to release the oxygen. The products are then carbon dioxide and molten silicon. The silicon is still not pure enough to be used for solar cells & requires further work. 99% pure silicon is purified further using the “floating zone” technique. A rod of impure silicon is passed through a heated zone several times in the same direction. This procedure "drags" any impurities toward one end with each pass. At a specific point, the silicon is deemed pure, and the impure end is removed. The resulting pure silicon is then doped (treated) with phosphorous and boron to produce an excess of electrons and a deficiency of electrons respectively to make a semiconductor capable of conducting electricity.

  3. How It Works Sunlight contains Photons and when these “hit” solar panels they are absorbed by semi-conductive SILICON material the main component of PV Panels Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked loose from their atoms, allowing them to flow through the material to produce (DC) electricity. Due to the special composition of solar cells, the electrons are only allowed to move in a single direction. Direct Current (DC) is then generated through the array of solar cells converting the solar energy.

  4. Types of Cells • Mono-Crystalline • Made from single-crystal wafer cells • More expensive than polycrystalline cells • They are cylindrical ingots, (more wastage) & mono panel have cut edges at • each corner of the cells.  • More efficient than poly cells. • Mono panels have much greater embedded energy than poly panels • Poly-Crystalline • Made up of polycrystalline solar cells.  • Poly cells made from square ingots of molten silicon carefully cooled, • solidified and cut.  • Poly cells tend to be better in higher temperatures

  5. Components Panels: Aide Solar, Mono Crystaline – 30 years Performance Warranty – Outperforms average panels by 13% – Made for Hot / Humid QLD Conditions Inverters:SMA - Quality German made - World largest manufacturers of solar inverters, over 20 years experience JFY - 10 years Warranty Available - Economical - Highest Efficiency- Over 97% Mounting System: Chiko Frames – Complies to Wind Code AS/NZ 1170 – Designed for 20 years service life – Aluminium and stainless steel components.

  6. System Design • Site Visit: • Energy Usage & Advice • Discuss latest power bill – establish kWh usage • Advise ways to reduce energy use • Explain Feed In Tariff (FIT) benefits • Explain expected PV outputs – NB System De-rate & Daily Solar Radiation • PV Location: • Ensure Panels receive maximum sunlight – No Shading, North Facing • North (or West, East) Facing but NEVER South @ 270 (if possible) • Examine Power Board & Meter Box • Site Inverter next to PB • Panels & Inverter: • Panels must match Output & Inverter • Int. or Ext. Inverter (or Enclosure) • Reduce cable runs

  7. Typical Installation • Day 1: Panel Install App 1.5 ~ 3Hrs (Use Qualified Roofers) • Metal Roof – Pitch, Easiest Install/Quickest • Metal Roof – Flat, Requires Tilt Set-Up Easy Install/Longest • Tile Roof – Pitch, Install Tile Hooks Medium/Easy • Day 2: Electrical Installation 2 ~ 4hrs (Unrestricted Licence & CEC qual.) • 1. Wires Panel and drops cables • Installs Inverter, connects DC side • Connects AC side • Tests & Signs off CEC Certification • Day 4/5 • Explain Inverter LED Display, Actual Output/Daily Output, Aggregate Output • Collect Balance of Payment

  8. Typical System Layout

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